Organic Bionics -- Contents -- Foreword by Professor Graeme Clark -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Medical Bionics -- 1.1 Medical Bionic Devices -- 1.1.1 Electrodes and Electrode Arrays -- 1.1.1.1 Bionic Hearing -- 1.1.1.2 Bionic Vision -- 1.1.1.3 Neural Prosthetic Applications -- 1.1.1.4 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Epilepsy and Pain Management) -- 1.1.1.5 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation -- 1.1.1.6 Cardiovascular Applications -- 1.1.1.7 Orthopedic Applications -- 1.2 Key Elements of a Medical Bionic Device -- 1.2.1 Organic Conductors -- 1.2.1.1 Neural Stimulation and Recording -- 1.2.2 Emerging Areas of Application for Medical Bionics -- 1.2.2.1 Bionics for Peripheral Nerve Injury -- 1.2.2.2 Bionics for Damaged or Diseased Muscle -- 1.2.3 Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 Carbon -- 2.1 Introduction to Carbon -- 2.2 Graphene -- 2.2.1 Properties of Graphene -- 2.2.1.1 Electronic Properties -- 2.2.1.2 Electrochemical Properties -- 2.2.1.3 Chemical Properties -- 2.2.1.4 Mechanical Properties -- 2.3 Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.3.1 Synthesis -- 2.3.2 Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.3.3 Electrochemistry of Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.3.4 Chemical and Biological Properties of Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.3.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- 3 Organic Conducting Polymers -- 3.1 Polypyrrole -- 3.2 Polythiophenes -- 3.3 Polyanilines -- 3.4 Properties of OCPs -- 3.4.1 Conducting and Electrochemical Switching Properties -- 3.4.2 Electrochemical Switching Properties -- 3.4.2.1 Polythiophenes -- 3.5 Chemical-Biological Properties -- 3.5.1 Polypyrroles -- 3.5.2 Polythiophenes -- 3.5.3 Polyanilines -- 3.6 Mechanical Properties -- 3.6.1 Polypyrroles -- 3.6.2 Polythiophenes -- 3.6.3 Polyanilines -- 3.7 Surface Morphology -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Organic Conductors - Biological Applications.

4.1 Carbon Structures for Medical Bionics -- 4.1.1 Carbon-Based Electrodes for Medical Bionics -- 4.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.2.1 Neural Applications -- 4.2.2 Muscle Regeneration -- 4.2.3 Bone -- 4.2.4 Stem Cells -- 4.3 Graphene -- 4.3.1 Carbon-Based Drug Delivery Applications -- 4.4 Conducting Polymers -- 4.4.1 Neural Applications -- 4.4.2 Muscle Regeneration -- 4.4.3 Bone -- 4.4.4 Stem Cells -- 4.5 Toxicity -- 4.6 Sterilization -- 4.6.1 Physical Methods of Sterilization -- 4.6.2 Irradiation -- 4.6.3 Electron Beam (E-Beam) -- 4.6.4 Ultraviolet (UV) Light Irradiation -- 4.6.4.1 Plasma Sterilization -- 4.6.5 Chemical Methods of Sterilization -- 4.6.6 Ethylene Oxide (EtO) -- 4.6.7 Ozone (O3) -- 4.6.8 Bleach (Sodium Hypochlorite) -- 4.6.9 Glutaraldehyde and Formaldehyde -- 4.6.10 Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) -- References -- 5 Materials Processing/Device Fabrication -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Conducting Polymers -- 5.2.1 Blending -- 5.2.2 Solution Processing -- 5.2.3 Colloidal-Assisted Processing -- 5.2.4 Processing with Nanoparticles -- 5.2.4.1 Inorganic Particles -- 5.2.4.2 Organic Nanoparticles -- 5.2.5 Melt Processing -- 5.3 Carbon Nanotubes -- 5.3.1 Solution Processing -- 5.3.2 Surfactant/Polymer-Assisted Processing -- 5.3.3 Chemical Modification -- 5.3.4 Processing with Nanoparticles -- 5.3.5 Melt Processing -- 5.4 Graphene -- 5.4.1 Solution Processing -- 5.5 Composites with Conventional Polymers-a Medical Focus -- 5.6 3-D Structured Materials and Device Fabrication -- 5.6.1 Fiber Spinning Technologies -- 5.6.2 Wet Spinning -- 5.6.3 Conducting Polymers -- 5.6.4 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene -- 5.6.5 Electrospinning -- 5.6.6 Printing Technologies -- 5.6.7 Inkjet Printing -- 5.6.8 Printing Carbon Nanotubes -- 5.6.9 Printed Electronics as a Basis for Printed Bionics -- 5.6.10 Dip-Pen Nanolithography -- 5.6.11 Conclusions -- References.

6 Organic Bionics - Where Are We? Where Do We Go Now? -- 6.1 Materials Design and Selection -- 6.2 Materials Synthesis and Processing -- 6.3 Flexible and Printable Electronics -- 6.3.1 Power Supply -- 6.4 Characterization -- 6.4.1 Characterization Tools -- 6.4.2 Device Fabrication -- 6.4.3 Pulling It Together . . . -- References -- Index.