Cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Contributors -- Preface: Why Is Genetics Important? -- Chapter 1. What Are Genes? -- DNA -- DNA Can Be Specifically Stained and Observed in Cells -- DNA Determines Genetic Properties in Bacteria -- DNA Is a Double Helix -- Transfer of Genetic Information to Progeny -- DNA Can Be Replicated in the Test Tube -- Summary -- Try This at Home: Extract DNA from Vegetables in Your Kitchen -- Box 1.1. PCR and Identification -- Chapter 2. Inheritance of Single-Gene Traits -- Plants Are Good Organisms for the Study of Inheritance -- Genes Do Not Blend -- Rules of Inheritance -- Behavior of Chromosomes -- The Punnett Square -- Incomplete Dominance -- Sex Is Also Determined by Inheritance Rules -- Summary -- Chapter 3. Mendelian Traits in Humans -- Blood Types -- Sex-Linked Traits: Hemophilia -- Sex-Linked Traits: Color Blindness -- Prostate and Breast Cancer -- Genetic Metabolic Diseases -- Sickle-cell Anemia -- Hemochromatosis -- Another Sex-Influenced Trait: Male Pattern Baldness -- Dominant Genetic Diseases -- Pedigree Analysis -- Summary -- Try This at Home: Pedigree Game -- Box 3.1. Warning on Diet Products -- Chapter 4. From Genes to Phenotype -- Transcription -- Translation -- Changes in DNA Modify the Amino Acid Sequences of Proteins -- Gene Regulation -- Summary -- Try This at Home: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Game -- Box 4.1 Why People Are Saving Their Babies' Cord Blood -- Chapter 5. Using Bacteria as Protein Factories -- Tools for Manufacturing Proteins -- Using Restriction Enzymes and Plasmids to Clone a Gene -- Producing Human Proteins in E. Coli -- Medically Important Human Proteins Made in E. Coli -- Summary -- Chapter 6. Genetically Modified Plants -- What Are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)?.

Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer -- Biolistics -- Genetic Modifications -- Genetically Modified Nonfood Plants -- Ecological Issues -- Labeling Issues and Food Safety -- Summary -- Box 6.1: Detecting Foreign Genes in Genetically Modified Plants -- Chapter 7. When Things Go Wrong -- Errors in Chromosome Number -- Multiple Sets of Chromosomes -- Looking at Our Chromosomes -- Changes in the DNA Base Sequence -- Triplet Repeat Errors -- Summary -- Chapter 8. Mutagens, Teratogens, and Human Reproduction -- Spontaneous Mutations -- Mutagens -- How Do We Detect Mutagens? -- Teratogens -- Human Reproduction -- Summary -- Box 8.1: Why There Were Few Thalidomide-Caused Birth Defects in the United States -- Chapter 9. Linkage and Mapping: Gene Discovery -- There Are Many Genes on Each Chromosome -- Independent Assortment of Genes -- Linkage -- Recombination -- Linkage to a DNA Marker -- The Human Genome Project and Others -- Discovering Disease Genes in Humans -- Summary -- Try This at Home: Independent Assortment of Chromosomes and the Making of a Unique Individual -- Try This at Home: Explore Genetics Databases -- Box 9.1: Identifying Disease Genes Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism -- Box 9.2: Identifying a Disease-Resistance Gene in Barley Through Map-Based Cloning -- Chapter 10. Genetics of Populations and Genetic Testing -- Why Don't We Observe to Ratios of Dominant Versus Recessive Traits in Populations? -- Predicting the Genotype of the Next Generation Using the Punnett Square -- Conditions for Observing Constant Gene and Genotype Frequencies -- Another Application of the Hardy-Weinberg Law -- Predicting Gene Frequency for a Recessive Trait -- Gene Frequencies Vary in Different Populations -- Newborn Testing and Conditional Probability -- Predicting Genotype Frequency for Sex-Linked Traits -- Summary.

Chapter 11. Survival of the Fittest? -- What Is Meant by Fitness? -- Selection Requires Variation. -- Selection Can Result in Reduced Genetic Diversity -- Natural Selection Determined Skin Color in Humans -- Fitness Depends Upon the Environment -- Selection and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria -- Heterozygous Advantage -- Why Do Dominant Genetic Diseases Exist? -- Small Populations -- Summary -- Box 11.1: DNA Sequences Provide Clues to Human Evolution: The Founder Effect in Prehistoric Africa -- Try This at Home: Demonstrations of the Effects of Small Population Size -- Chapter 12. Nature Versus Nurture -- Polygenic Traits Are Additive -- Polygenic Traits Exhibit Continuous Variation in Phenotype -- Polygenic Traits Are Influenced by the Environment -- Measuring Variance in Traits and Estimating Heritability -- Twin Studies Are Helpful in Studying Polygenic Traits in Humans -- Quantitative Traits in Medicine and Agriculture -- Summary -- Chapter 13. Genetically Modified Animals and the Applications of Gene Technology for Humans -- Cloning Animals by the Nuclear-Transfer Technique -- Genetically Modifying Animals Using Embryonic Stem Cells -- Uses of Genetically Modified Animals -- Human Gene Therapy -- Human Reproductive Cloning -- Human Therapeutic Cloning -- Summary -- Appendix A. Internet Resources -- Appendix B. Glossary of Scientific Names of Organisms -- Appendix C. Glossary of Human Genetic Diseases -- Appendix D. Glossary of Terms -- Index.