Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1. General Introduction -- 1.1 Outline -- Origin and Development of Fingerprinting -- Concept of Fingerprinting -- Evolution and Current Status of Fingerprinting -- Evolution of fingerprinting -- Current research in fingerprinting -- Classification and Development of Fingerprinting -- Classification of fingerprints -- Classification according to object of application -- Classification according to method of analysis -- Development of fingerprinting -- Developmental phases of fingerprinting -- Informatization and knowledge discovery of fingerprints -- Developmental prospect of fingerprinting -- Significance and Applications of Fingerprinting -- Adoption of Fingerprinting Technology to Ensure the Efficacy and Modernization of Chinese Medicine -- Fingerprinting as the Critical Technology for the Modernization of the Chinese Medicine Industry -- Fingerprint Quality Control as a Technical Link to Drive the Modernization of Chinese Medicine -- Fingerprinting as an Essential Quality Control Technique -- Requirements and Construction of Fingerprints -- Requirements of Fingerprints -- Methods of Constructing Fingerprints -- Photometry -- UV spectrum -- IR spectrum -- Fluorescence spectrum -- Nuclear magnetic resonance -- Mass spectrum -- Chromatography -- Thin-layer chromatography -- Gas chromatography -- High-performance liquid chromatography -- High-performance capillary electrophoresis -- FA Reading High-speed counter-current chromatography -- Supercritical fluid chromatography -- X-ray diffraction -- Thermal analysis -- Electrophoresis -- Hyphenated chromatographic technology -- Molecular biology technology -- Data Processing of Fingerprints -- Direct visual analysis and comparison -- Quantifiable data comparison -- Chemical pattern recognition technology -- Chemometric methods -- Computerized software analysis.

Fingerprint Setup Procedure -- 1.2 Research Methods and Technical Requirements of HPLC Fingerprinting -- Sample Collection -- Preparation of Test Samples -- Sample Collection -- Weighing of Sample -- Sample Preparation -- Preparation of Solution -- Storage -- Labeling -- Preparation of Reference -- Choice of Reference -- Preparation of Reference -- Optimization of HPLC Conditions -- Column -- Mobile Phase -- Detector -- Sample Analysis and Method Validation -- Stability Test -- Precision Test -- Reproducibility Test -- HPLC Fingerprint Construction -- Analysis and Evaluation of Fingerprints -- Construction of Important Parameters -- Common peaks -- Standardization of common peaks -- Ratios of common peak areas -- Areas of non-common peaks -- Overlapping ratio -- N strong peaks -- Characteristic fingerprint -- Degrees of similarity and difference among characteristic fingerprints -- Computer Analysis of Fingerprints -- Fingerprint information -- Analysis of fingerprint information -- Fuzzy information analysis -- Artificial neural network method -- Grey relational grade cluster method -- Principal component analysis -- Evaluation of a fingerprint's degree of similarity -- Methods and principles of calculating degree of similarity -- Software for evaluating degree of similarity -- References -- 2. HPLC Fingerprints of Different Herbs -- 2.1 Renshen ( , Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reference -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Characteristics of Common Peaks -- Ratio of Common Peak Areas -- 2.2 Daqingye ( , Folium isatidis) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition.

Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.3 Dahuang ( , Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- References -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- Evaluation of Similarity -- Analysis of Principal Component -- 2.4 Shanzhuyu ( , Fructus corni) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- References -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.5 Shanyao ( , Rhizoma dioscoreae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reference -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.6 Chuanxiong ( , Rhizoma chuanxiong) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints.

Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- Evaluation of Similarity -- 2.7 Nüzhenzi ( , Fructus ligustri lucidi) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.8 Tianma ( , Rhizoma gastrodiae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reference -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.9 Wuweizi ( , Fructus schisandrae chinensis) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- References -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.10 Taizishen ( , Radix pseudostellariae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experiment Materials -- Samples -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- Evaluation of Similarity -- 2.11 Niuxi ( , Radix achyranthis bidentatae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experimental Materials -- Samples -- Reagents.

Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.12 Danshen ( , Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experimental Materials -- Samples -- References -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Characteristics of Common Peaks -- Ratio of Common Peak Areas -- 2.13 Baimaogen ( , Rhizoma imperatae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experimental Materials -- Samples -- Reference -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- Preparation of Reference -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Areas -- 2.14 Baishouwu ( , Bunge Auriculate Root) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experimental Materials -- Samples -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Sample Analysis -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Ratio of Common Peak Area -- 2.15 Dihuang ( , Radix rehmanniae) -- Introduction -- Chemical Composition -- Experimental Materials -- Samples -- Reagents -- Preparation of Samples -- HPLC Conditions -- Methods -- Mobile Phase Selection -- Method Validation -- Establishment of Fingerprints -- Results and Discussion -- Common Peak Standardization -- Characteristics of Common Peaks -- Ratio of Common Peak Area.

2.16 Xiqingguo ( , Fructus chebulae immaturus).