Contents -- Dedication -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction Christy Denius, Irma Fiordalisi, Susan B. Fox -- reviewed by Catherine Brailer -- 1.1 How to Use This Book -- 1.2 General Approach to the Critically Ill Child -- 1.3 Transport of the Critically Ill Child -- 1.4 Patient and Family Centered Care -- 1.5 Quality and Safety in the PICU -- Chapter 2: Care of the Pediatric Airway, Breathing and Respiratory System Andora Bass, Irma Fiordalisi, Karl W. Kaminski, William E. Novotny, Ronald M. Perkin, Jeffrey Schmidt, Debra Tristram, E. Michael Villareal -- reviewed by M. Gowans and D. Haislip -- 2.1 Apnea -- 2.1.1 Apparent life-threatening events -- 2.2 Upper Airway Obstruction -- 2.3 Lower Airway Obstruction -- 2.3.1 Acute severe asthma -- 2.3.2 Bronchiolitis -- 2.4 Foreign Bodies in the Airways -- 2.5 Pneumonia and Pleural Fluid -- 2.6 Chronic Lung Disease -- 2.7 Respiratory Failure -- 2.8 Mechanical Support of Ventilation -- 2.8.1 Invasive mechanical ventilation -- 2.8.2 Noninvasive ventilation -- 2.9 Other Aids to Support Oxygenation and Ventilation -- 2.10 Respiratory Failure in Neuromuscular Disorders (NMD) -- Chapter 3: Care of the Circulation David Fairbrother, Irma Fiordalisi, William E. Novotny and Jeffrey Schmidt -- reviewed by M. Gowans and J. Sperka -- 3.1 Determinants of Cardiac Output and Oxygen Delivery -- 3.2 Cardiopulmonary Interactions -- 3.3 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants and Children -- 3.4 Arrhythmias -- 3.5 Shock -- 3.6 Septic Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) -- Chapter 4: Heart Disease, Cardiac Surgery and Peri-Operative Care Andora Bass, David Fairbrother, David Hannon, Charlie Sang, Robert Dennis Steed and Joel Vanderford -- reviewed by M. Gowans -- 4.1 Acquired Heart Disease -- 4.1.1 Myocarditis -- 4.1.2 Pericarditis -- 4.2 Heart Failure.

4.3 Pulmonary Hypertension -- 4.4 Congenital Heart Disease and Peri-operative Care -- Obstructive Lesions -- Cyanotic Heart Lesions -- Cyanotic Lesions with Complete Mixing of Venous Return -- Chapter 5: Central Nervous System Irma Fiordalisi, William E. Novotny, Debra Tristram -- reviewed by Dynita Haislip, and Joel Vanderford -- 5.1 Altered Mental Status -- 5.2 Status Epilepticus -- 5.3 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy -- 5.4 CNS Infections and Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis -- 5.5 Raised Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Resuscitation -- Principle of Compensation -- 5.6 Brain Death and Organ Procurement -- Chapter 6: Fluids, Electrolytes and Metabolism Irma Fiordalisi, Glenn D. Harris, William E. Novotny, Jennifer Sutter -- reviewed by Catherine Brailer -- 6.1 Dehydration -- 6.2 Electrolyte Disturbances -- 6.2.1 Hyponatremia -- 6.2.2 Hypernatremia -- 6.2.3 Hypokalemia -- 6.2.4 Hyperkalemia -- 6.2.5 Magnesium -- 6.2.6 Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis -- 6.3 Acid-Base Imbalance -- 6.4 Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia -- 6.5 Inborn Errors of Metabolism -- 6.6 Diabetic Ketoacidosis -- 6.7 Adrenal Insufficiency -- 6.8 Thyroid Emergencies -- 6.9 Hypopituitarism -- Chapter 7: Renal Disease Irma Fiordalisi, Roberta S. Gray, Ronald M. Perkin and Jeffrey Schmidt -- reviewed by M. Jordon -- 7.1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI -- Acute Renal Insufficiency or Failure) -- 7.2 Hypertension -- 7.3 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) -- 7.4 Rhabdomyolysis -- Chapter 8: Gastrointestinal Disorders and Nutrition Cassie A. Billings, Charles V. Coren, Irma Fiordalisi, Jose M. Saavedra, Victoria Trapanotto and Alexandra Vasilescu -- 8.1 Nutritional Requirements in the Hospitalized and Critically Ill Child -- 8.1.1 Enteral feeding -- 8.1.2 Parenteral nutrition -- 8.2 Acquired Constipation/Obstipation in the PICU -- 8.3 Diarrhea -- 8.4 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

8.5 Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- 8.6 Acute Abdomen -- 8.7 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome -- 8.8 Pancreatitis -- 8.9 Fulminant Hepatic Failure -- Chapter 9: Hematology-Oncology Emergencies Cathleen Cook, Beng Fuh and Melissa Rayburg -- 9.1 Bleeding Disorders -- 9.2 Anemia -- 9.3 Transfusion Therapy -- 9.4 Sickle Cell Disease -- 9.5 Methemoglobinemia -- 9.6 Stroke -- 9.7 Oncologic Emergencies -- Chapter 10: Trauma and Burns Elaine Cabinum-Foeller, Richard Cartie, Irma Fiordalisi, Ronald M. Perkin, and Scott Sagraves -- 10.1 Traumatic Brain Injury -- 10.2 Spinal Cord Injury -- 10.3 Thoracic Trauma -- 10.4 Abdominal Trauma -- 10.5 Child Abuse -- 10.6 Burns -- Chapter 11: Peri-Operative Pediatric Surgical Critical Care Kathryn Bass, Irma Fiordalisi, Ronald M. Perkin, Scot Reeg, and Jonathan Workman -- 11.1 Caring for the Child Through the Hands of the Pediatric Surgeon -- 11.2 Care Surrounding Specific Surgical Procedures -- 11.2.1 Scoliosis repair overview -- 11.2.2 Tracheostomy -- 11.2.3 Hydrocephalus and CSF diversion -- Chapter 12: Environmental Emergencies Richard Cartie, Dawn Kendrick, William E. Novotny, Steven Chad Scarboro, Ronald M. Perkin, Timothy Reeder, and Eric Toschlog -- 12.1 Snake Bites -- 12.2 Inhalation Injury -- 12.3 Drowning (Submersion Injury) -- 12.4 Lightning Injury -- 12.5 Hypothermia -- 12.6 Hyperthermia -- Chapter 13: Bedside Pharmacotherapy in the PICU Cassie A. Billings, Irma Fiordalisi, Matthew Jordon, and William E. Novotny -- 13.1 Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics -- 13.2 Analgesia, Sedation and Neuromuscular Blockade -- 13.2.1 Procedural sedation -- 13.3 Drug-Induced Toxic Hyperthermic Syndromes -- Chapter 14: Poisonings David Eldridge, Christopher P. Holstege, Rika O'Malley, Adam K. Rowden and Matthew Salzman -- 14.1 Principles of Diagnosis and Decontamination -- 14.2 Common Ingestions -- 14.3 Terrorism Agents.

Chapter 15: Procedures, Indications and Complications Irma Fiordalisi and William E. Novotny -- 15.1 Enteric Tube (EnT) Placement -- 15.2 Bag-Mask Ventilation (BMV) and Tracheal Intubation -- 15.3 Vascular Access -- 15.4 Thoracentesis, Chest Tube Insertion and Chest Tube Removal -- 15.5 Lumbar Puncture -- 15.6 Urinary Bladder Associated Procedures -- Appendix: Abbreviations, Definitions, Formulae and Supplemental Guides Irma Fiordalisi, Matthew Jordan, William E. Novotny, Ronald M. Perkin, Jose M. Saavedra, Debra Tristram -- I. Normal Vital Signs -- II. Conversion Formulae and Calculation of Body Surface area -- III. Respiratory Physiology: Equations and Abbreviations -- IV. Hemdynamic and O2 Delivery Equations (Determinants of Cardiac Output and O2 Delivery, 3.1) -- V. Fluid, Electrolyte, Renal and Acid-Base Calculations -- VI. Nutritional Requirements -- VII. Trauma Evaluation: Summary -- VIII. Decision Tree for Management of Threatening Behavior -- IX. A. Initial Metabolic Approach to the Encephalopathic Infant -- B. Classification of Inborn Errors by Initial Biochemical Profile -- X. A. ICP Management Decision Tree Part 1 -- B. ICP Management Decision Tree Part 2 -- C. ICP Management Decision Tree Part 3 -- XI. Empiric Antibiotic Treatment for Sepsis/Septic Shock Based on Suspected Source of Sepsis -- XII. Therapy in Complex Infections and Supplemental Therapies in the Immunocompromised Host -- XIII. Therapeutic Dose Monitoring Table for Medications Commonly Used in the PICU -- XIV. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- XV. MRI Terminology -- Index Complied by C. Keel, I. Fiardalisi and W.E. Novotry.