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Abc of Physics : A Very Brief Guide.
Title:
Abc of Physics : A Very Brief Guide.
Author:
Okun, Lev B.
ISBN:
9789814397285
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (169 pages)
Contents:
Contents -- Preface -- 0.1 For whom this book is written* -- 0.2 On the contents of some of the chapters -- 0.3 Two beacons* -- 0.4 Acknowledgments -- 1. The Fundamentals -- 1.1 On intuition -- 1.2 Space and time* -- 1.3 Matter and substance* -- 1.4 Motion* -- 2. Units* -- 2.1 Standards -- 2.2 Circle and angles -- 2.3 Units of time and length -- 3. A Minimum of Mathematics -- 3.1 Four operations of school mathematics and the imaginary unit* -- 3.2 Powers of ten* -- 3.3 Prefixes of the powers of ten -- 3.4 Differentiation and integration -- 3.5 Matrices -- 4. Translational Motion* -- 4.1 Free particle -- 4.2 Maximum velocity c -- 4.3 Energy and momentum of a particle -- 4.4 Kinetic and potential energy in Newtonian mechanics -- 4.5 Momentum in Newtonian mechanics -- 4.6 Space and time in relativistic mechanics -- 4.7 Energy and momentum in relativistic mechanics -- 4.8 Particle's mass -- 4.9 Rest energy -- 4.10 Massless photon -- 4.11 Masses of electron and proton -- 5. Rotation and Quantization -- 5.1 The spin and orbital rotation* -- 5.2 About vectors and tensors -- 5.3 The orbital angular momentum in theory of relativity -- 5.4 Identity of particles* -- 5.5 Quantization of S and L* -- 5.6 More about spin* -- 5.7 Fermions and bosons* -- 5.8 Elementary quantum state* -- 5.9 Bound states* -- 6. Particles as Corpuscles and Waves -- 6.1 Wave vector* -- 6.2 The wave function* -- 6.3 Probability amplitude* -- 6.4 The role of chance in the decay* -- 6.5 The role of chance in the two-slit experiments -- 6.6 Uncertainty relations* -- 6.7 "Correct" and "incorrect" questions* -- 6.8 Schrodinger equation -- 6.9 The Klein-Fock-Gordon equation -- 6.10 Dirac equation -- 6.11 Action -- 7. More About Units* -- 7.1 Units: experiment and theory -- 7.2 About SI system of units -- 7.3 Electron-volt -- 7.4 Units in which c, = 1.

7.5 On choosing the system of units -- 8. The Hydrogen Atom* -- 8.1 On potential energy -- 8.2 Electron-proton interaction -- 8.3 Principal quantum number -- 8.4 Mass of quantum state -- 8.5 Orbital quantum number -- 8.6 The projections of L and S -- 8.7 The emission and absorption of light -- 9. Periodic Table of Chemical Elements -- 9.1 From protons to nucleons* -- 9.2 Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions and bosons* -- 9.3 Horizontal periods of the periodic table of elements* -- 9.4 First period -- 9.5 The second and third periods -- 9.6 The fourth and fifth periods -- 9.7 The sixth and seventh periods -- 9.8 8 groups and 18 vertical columns of the table -- 10. Substance -- 10.1 Molecules* -- 10.2 Gases* -- 10.3 Loschmidt number* -- 10.4 Temperature* -- 10.5 More on universal constants -- 10.6 Condensed matter* -- 10.7 Crystallization* -- 10.8 Phase transitions* -- 10.9 Superfluidity and superconductivity -- 10.10 Quasiparticles -- 11. Quantum Electrodynamics - QED -- 11.1 QED from Dirac to Feynman* -- 11.2 Lamb shift -- 11.3 Positron and other antiparticles* -- 11.4 Feynman diagrams* -- 11.5 Backward in time -- 11.6 Antiparticles* -- 11.7 Positronium* -- 11.8 Normal magnetic moment of the electron -- 11.9 Anomalous magnetic moment of the electron: g-2 -- 11.10 Running coupling constant -- 11.11 Renormalizability of QED -- 12. Transition to Classical Theory -- 12.1 Particles or fields?* -- 12.2 Quasiclassical behavior and the classical limit -- 12.3 The field strength and induction -- 12.4 Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of vacuum* -- 13. Gravitation -- 13.1 Top and bottom* -- 13.2 The Earth* -- 13.3 The inner structure of the Earth -- 13.4 Temperature of the Earth -- 13.5 Tilt of Earth's axis* -- 13.6 Newton's Law* -- 13.7 Solar system* -- 13.8 The Sun* -- 13.9 Stars in our Galaxy* -- 13.10 Parsec -- 13.11 Supernovae.

14. Other Galaxies -- 14.1 From our Galaxy to other galaxies* -- 14.2 Recession of galaxies* -- 14.3 Kinematic shift* -- 14.4 Gravitational shift* -- 14.5 Quasars and gamma-ray bursts -- 15. Big Bang -- 15.1 The expanding Universe* -- 15.2 The cooling down Universe* -- 15.3 The cosmic microwave radiation (CMB)* -- 15.4 Dark matter* -- 15.5 Dark energy -- 16. Quantum Gravidynamics - QGD -- 16.1 GRT: three canonical effects* -- 16.2 Graviton and QGD* -- 16.3 Nonrenormalizability of QGD -- 16.4 Gravitational radius and black holes -- 16.5 The principle of equivalence? -- 16.6 Planck scale -- 17. Intranuclear Forces -- 17.1 Alpha, beta and gamma rays* -- 17.2 Strong interaction* -- 17.3 Isotopic spin -- 17.4 Weak interaction* -- 17.5 Neutrino and four-fermion interaction* -- 17.6 Nuclear fission* -- 17.7 Nuclear fusion* -- 17.8 From nuclei to particles* -- 18. Particles in Cosmic Rays -- 18.1 Positron* -- 18.2 Muon* -- 18.3 Three pions* -- 18.4 Strange particles* -- 18.5 Strangeness -- 19. Particles in Accelerators -- 19.1 Baryon resonances and antinucleons* -- 19.2 Sakata model -- 19.3 Three sakatons -- 19.4 Octet and singlet of pseudoscalar mesons -- 19.5 Nine vector mesons -- 19.6 Octet of baryons* -- 19.7 Decuplet of baryons -- 19.8 Conference at CERN 1962 -- 19.9 Three quarks* -- 20. Three Discrete Symmetries -- 20.1 C, P, T operations* -- 20.2 Nonconservation of mirror symmetry P* -- 20.3 Nonconservation of charge symmetry C* -- 20.4 The hypothesis of conservation of CP symmetry -- 20.5 Conserved vector current -- 20.6 V-A current -- 20.7 Helicity and chirality* -- 20.8 Nonconservation of the CP* -- 20.9 Mirror particles as the first version of dark matter -- 21. Half a Century Later* -- 21.1 Six quarks -- 21.2 Six leptons -- 21.3 Three generations -- 21.4 Electroweak bosons -- 21.5 Gluons -- 21.6 All fundamental bosons.

22. On Quantum Chromodynamics -- 22.1 Color and SU(3) symmetry* -- 22.2 Color quarks* -- 22.3 Colored gluons* -- 22.4 Confinement* -- 22.5 Masses of nucleons -- 22.6 Chiral limit* -- 22.7 Pion masses -- 22.8 Masses of other quarks -- 22.9 QCD today -- 23. On the Electroweak Theory -- 23.1 Intermediate bosons* -- 23.2 Toy model SU(2) × U(1) -- 23.3 Photon and Z boson in the model SU(2) × U(1) -- 23.4 The first step towards a realistic model -- 23.5 The second and final step -- 23.6 Doublet of scalar fields -- 23.7 Spontaneous breaking of SU(2) × U(1) symmetry -- 23.8 Condensate and the masses of fundamental particles -- 23.9 The search for higgs* -- 23.10 Large Hadron Collider* -- 23.11 Summer 2011: results of the quest for higgs -- 24. Supersymmetry -- 24.1 Spinor generator -- 24.2 Spinor-flavor generators -- 24.3 Summer 2011: Results of the search for light superparticles -- 24.4 Prospects -- 25. Grand Unification -- 25.1 Running of three coupling constants -- 25.2 SU(5) symmetry -- 25.3 Proton and neutron decays -- 25.4 Other symmetries -- 26. In the Vicinity of the Planck Mass -- 26.1 Superstrings -- 26.2 Ten spatial dimensions -- 26.3 M-theory -- 26.4 Anti-de Sitter -- 27. Concluding Remarks* -- 27.1 "The sun rises, the sun sets." -- 27.2 On teaching of physics -- 27.3 On the tragic fate of the SSC -- 27.4 LHC and prospects -- 27.5 On the gist of science and on truth in science -- Postscript I -- Postscript II -- Bibliography -- Some Acronyms -- Index.
Abstract:
This little book concentrates on the foundations of modern physics (its "ABC's") and its most fundamental constants: c - the velocity of light and ? - the quantum of action. First of all, the book is addressed to professional physicists, but in order to achieve maximal concentration and clarity it uses the simplest (high school) mathematics. As a result many pages of the book will be useful to college students and may appeal to a more general audience.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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