Nanostructured and Subwavelength Waveguides : Fundamentals and Applications.
Title:
Nanostructured and Subwavelength Waveguides : Fundamentals and Applications.
Author:
Skorobogatiy, Maksim.
ISBN:
9781118343241
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (336 pages)
Series:
Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications ; v.48
Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications
Contents:
Nanostructured and Subwavelength Waveguides -- Contents -- Series Preface -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Contents and Organisation of the Book -- 1.2 Step-Index Subwavelength Waveguides Made of Isotropic Materials -- 1.3 Field Enhancement in the Low Refractive Index Discontinuity Waveguides -- 1.4 Porous Waveguides and Fibres -- 1.5 Multifilament Core Fibres -- 1.6 Nanostructured Waveguides and Effective Medium Approximation -- 1.7 Waveguides Made of Anisotropic Materials -- 1.8 Metals and Polar Materials -- 1.9 Surface Polariton Waves on Planar and Curved Interfaces -- 1.9.1 Surface Waves on Planar Interfaces -- 1.9.2 Surface Waves on Wires -- 1.9.3 Plasmons Guided by Metal Slab Waveguides -- 1.9.4 Plasmons Guided by Metal Slot Waveguides -- 1.10 Metal/Dielectric Metamaterials and Waveguides Made of Them -- 1.11 Extending Effective Medium Approximation to Shorter Wavelengths -- 2 Hamiltonian Formulation of Maxwell Equations for the Modes of Anisotropic Waveguides -- 2.1 Eigenstates of a Waveguide in Hamiltonian Formulation -- 2.2 Orthogonality Relation between the Modes of a Waveguide Made of Lossless Dielectrics -- 2.3 Expressions for the Modal Phase Velocity -- 2.4 Expressions for the Modal Group Velocity -- 2.5 Orthogonality Relation between the Modes of a Waveguide Made of Lossy Dielectrics -- 2.6 Excitation of the Waveguide Modes -- 2.6.1 Least Squares Method -- 2.6.2 Using Flux Operator as an Orthogonal Dot Product -- 2.6.3 Coupling into a Waveguide with Lossless Dielectric Profile -- 2.6.4 Coupling into a Waveguide with Lossy Dielectric Profile -- 3 Wave Propagation in Planar Anisotropic Multilayers, Transfer Matrix Formulation -- 3.1 Planewave Solution for Uniform Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 3.2 Transfer Matrix Technique for Multilayers Made from Uniform Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 3.2.1 TE Multilayer Stack.
3.2.2 TM Multilayer Stack -- 3.3 Reflections at the Interface between Isotropic and Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 4 Slab Waveguides Made from Isotropic Dielectric Materials. Example of Subwavelength Planar Waveguides -- 4.1 Finding Modes of a Slab Waveguide Using Transfer Matrix Theory -- 4.2 Exact Solution for the Dispersion Relation of Modes of a Slab Waveguide -- 4.3 Fundamental Mode Dispersion Relation in the Long-Wavelength Limit -- 4.4 Fundamental Mode Dispersion Relation in the Short-Wavelength Limit -- 4.5 Waveguides with Low Refractive-Index Contrast -- 4.6 Single-Mode Guidance Criterion -- 4.7 Dispersion Relations of the Higher-Order Modes in the Vicinity of their Cutoff Frequencies -- 4.8 Modal Losses Due to Material Absorption -- 4.8.1 Waveguides Featuring Low Loss-Dispersion -- 4.8.2 Modal Losses in a Waveguide with Lossless Cladding -- 4.8.3 Modal Losses in a Waveguide with Low Refractive-Index Contrast -- 4.9 Coupling into a Subwavelength Slab Waveguide Using a 2D Gaussian Beam -- 4.9.1 TE Polarisation -- 4.9.2 TM Polarisation -- 4.10 Size of a Waveguide Mode -- 4.10.1 Modal Size of the Fundamental Modes of a Slab Waveguide in the Long-Wavelength Limit -- 4.10.2 Modal Size of the Fundamental Modes of a Slab Waveguide in the Short-Wavelength Limit -- 5 Slab Waveguides Made from Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 5.1 Dispersion Relations for the Fundamental Modes of a Slab Waveguide -- 5.1.1 Long-Wavelength Limit -- 5.1.2 Single-Mode Guidance Criterion -- 5.2 Using Transfer Matrix Method with Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 5.3 Coupling to the Modes of a Slab Waveguide Made of Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 6 Metamaterials in the Form of All-Dielectric Planar Multilayers -- 6.1 Effective Medium Approximation for a Periodic Multilayer with Subwavelength Period -- 6.2 Extended Bloch Waves of an Infinite Periodic Multilayer.
6.3 Effective Medium Approximation -- 6.4 Extending Metamaterial Approximation to Shorter Wavelengths -- 6.5 Ambiguities in the Interpretation of the Dispersion Relation of a Planewave Propagating in a Lossy Metamaterial -- 7 Planar Waveguides Containing All-Dielectric Metamaterials, Example of Porous Waveguides -- 7.1 Geometry of a Planar Porous Waveguide -- 7.2 TE-Polarised Mode of a Porous Slab Waveguide -- 7.2.1 Effective Refractive Index and Losses of the Fundamental TE Mode -- 7.2.2 Single-Mode Propagation Criterion, TE Modes -- 7.2.3 Dispersion of the Fundamental TE Mode -- 7.3 TM-Polarised Mode of a Porous Slab Waveguide -- 7.3.1 Effective Refractive Index and Losses of the Fundamental TM Mode -- 7.3.2 Single-Mode Propagation Criterion, TM Modes -- 7.3.3 Dispersion of the Fundamental TM Mode -- 8 Circular Fibres Made of Isotropic Materials -- 8.1 Circular Symmetric Solutions of Maxwell's Equations for an Infinite Uniform Dielectric -- 8.2 Transfer Matrix Method -- 8.3 Fundamental Mode of a Step-Index Fibre -- 8.3.1 Low Refractive-Index Contrast (Weakly Guiding Approximation) -- 8.3.2 Fundamental Mode Dispersion Relation in the Long-Wavelength Limit (Any Refractive-Index Contrast) -- 8.4 Higher-Order Modes and their Dispersion Relations Near Cutoff Frequencies -- 8.4.1 Method 1 -- 8.4.2 Method 2 -- 8.5 Dispersion of the Fundamental m = 1 Mode -- 8.6 Losses of the Fundamental m = 1 Mode -- 8.7 Modal Confinement and Modal Field Extent into the Cladding Region -- 8.7.1 Short-Wavelength Limit (Strong Confinement) -- 8.7.2 Long-Wavelength Limit (Weak Confinement), General Considerations -- 8.7.3 Modal Extent into Cladding in the Weak Confinement Regime. Case of Modes with m > 1 -- 8.7.4 Modal Extent into Cladding of the Fundamental m = 1 Mode in the Long-Wavelength Limit -- 8.7.5 Examples of Field Distributions for m = 1, and m = 3 Modes.
8.7.6 Angle-Integrated Longitudinal Flux in the Weak Confinement Regime -- 9 Circular Fibres Made of Anisotropic Materials -- 9.1 Circular Symmetric Solutions of Maxwell's Equations for an Infinite Anisotropic Dielectric -- 9.2 Transfer Matrix Method to Compute Eigenmodes of a Circular Fibre Made of Anisotropic Dielectrics -- 9.3 Fundamental Mode of a Step-Index Fibre -- 9.3.1 Low Refractive-Index Contrast, Low Anisotropy -- 9.3.2 Long Wavelength Regime -- 9.4 Linearly Polarised Modes of a Circular Fibre -- 9.4.1 Fields of the Fundamental m = 1 Mode of a Circular Fibre in the Long-Wavelength Regime -- 10 Metamaterials in the Form of a Periodic Lattice of Inclusions -- 10.1 Effective Dielectric Tensor of Periodic Metamaterials in the Long-Wavelength Limit -- 10.1.1 Effective Medium Theory for a Square Lattice of Circular Rods -- 10.1.2 Effective Medium Approximation for a Square Lattice of Square Inclusions -- 10.2 Bloch Wave Solutions in the Periodic Arrays of Arbitrary-Shaped Inclusions, Details of the Planewave Expansion Method -- 11 Circular Fibres Made of All-Dielectric Metamaterials -- 11.1 Porous-Core Fibres, Application in Low-Loss Guidance of THz Waves -- 11.2 Multifilament Core Fibres, Designing Large Mode Area, Single-Mode Fibres -- 11.3 Water-Core Fibres in THz, Guiding with Extremely Lossy Materials -- 12 Modes at the Interface between Two Materials -- 12.1 Surface Modes Propagating at the Interface between Two Positive Refractive Index Materials -- 12.2 Geometrical Solution for the Bound Surface Modes -- 12.3 Modes at the Interface between a Lossless Dielectric and an Ideal Metal, Excitation of an Ideal Surface Plasmon -- 12.4 Modes at the Interface between a Lossless Dielectric and a Lossy Material (Metal or Dielectric) -- 12.4.1 Modes at the Interface between One Lossless Dielectric and One Lossy Dielectric.
12.4.2 Modes at the Interface between a Lossless Dielectric and an Imperfect Metal. Frequency Region in the Vicinity of a Plasma Frequency (UV-Visible) -- 12.4.3 Modes at the Interface between a Lossless Dielectric and an Imperfect Metal. Far-Infrared (THz) Spectral Range -- 12.5 Material Parameters and Practical Examples of Surface Plasmons -- 13 Modes of a Metal Slab Waveguide -- 13.1 Modes of a Metal Slab Waveguide Surrounded by Two Identical Dielectric Claddings -- 13.1.1 Weakly Coupled Surface Plasmons Guided by Thick and Lossless Metal Slab -- 13.1.2 Long-Range Plasmon (Even Supermode) Guided by Thin and Lossless Metal Slab -- 13.1.3 Odd Supermode Guided by Thin and Lossy Metal Slab -- 13.2 Long-Range Plasmon Guided by Thin and Lossy Metal Slab -- 13.2.1 Long-Range Plasmon Guided by Thin and Lossy Metal Slab. Visible-Mid-IR Spectral Range -- 13.2.2 Long-Range Plasmon Guided by Thin and Lossy Metal Slab. Far-IR-(THz) Spectral Range -- 13.3 Modes of a Metal Slab Surrounded by Two Distinct Lossless Claddings. Leaky Plasmonic Modes -- 13.3.1 Radiation Losses of a Leaky Supermode Guided by a Nonsymmetric Slab Waveguide -- 14 Modes of a Metal Slot Waveguide -- 14.1 Odd-Mode Dispersion Relation Near the Light Line of the Core Material neff ∼ no. Visible-Mid-IR Spectral Range -- 14.2 Odd-Mode Dispersion Relation near the Mode Cutoff neff ∼ 0. Visible-Mid-IR Spectral Range -- 14.3 Fundamental Mode of a Metal Slot Waveguide. Visible-Mid-IR Spectral Range -- 14.4 Fundamental Mode Dispersion Relation at Low Frequencies ω → 0. Far-IR Spectral Range -- 15 Planar Metal/Dielectric Metamaterials -- 15.1 Extended Waves in the Infinite Metal/Dielectric Periodic Multilayers (Long-Wavelength Limit) -- 15.2 Extending Metamaterial Approximation to Shorter Wavelengths -- 16 Examples of Applications of Metal/Dielectric Metamaterials.
16.1 Optically Transparent Conductive Layers, Case of ε > 0, ε⊥ > 0.
Abstract:
Optical waveguides take a prominent role in photonics because they are able to trap and to transport light efficiently between a point of excitation and a point of detection. Moreover, waveguides allow the management of many of the fundamental properties of light and allow highly controlled interaction with other optical systems. For this reason waveguides are ubiquitous in telecommunications, sensing, spectroscopy, light sources, and high power light delivery. Nanostructured and subwavelength waveguides have additional advantages; they are able to confine light at a length scale below the diffraction limit and enhance or suppress light-matter interaction, as well as manage fundamental properties of light such as speed and direction of energy and phase propagation. This book presents semi-analytical theory and practical applications of a large number of subwavelength and nanostructured optical waveguides and fibers operating in various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum including visible, near and mid-IR and THz. A large number of approximate, while highly precise analytical expressions are derived that describe various modal properties of the planar and circular isotropic, anisotropic, and metamaterial waveguides and fibers, as well as surface waves propagating on planar, and circular interfaces. A variety of naturally occurring and artificial materials are also considered such as dielectrics, metals, polar materials, anisotropic all-dielectric and metal-dielectric metamaterials. Contents are organized around four major themes: Guidance properties of subwavelength waveguides and fibers made of homogeneous, generally anisotropic materials Guidance properties of nanostructured waveguides and fibers using both exact geometry modelling and effective medium approximation Development of the effective medium approximations for various 1D and 2D
nanostructured materials and extension of these approximations to shorter wavelengths Practical applications of subwavelength and nanostructured waveguides and fibers Nanostructured Subwavelengths and Waveguides is unique in that it collects in a single place an extensive range of analytical solutions which are derived in various limits for many practically important and popular waveguide and fiber geometries and materials.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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