Petrophysics: Fundamentals of the Petrophysics of Oil and Gas Reservoirs -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgement -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs -- 1.1.1 Geographical and Geological Background of the South Caspian Basin -- 1.1.2 Sedimentary Features of Productive Horizons in the South Caspian Basin -- 1.1.3 Depositional Environment of Productive Series, Azerbaijan -- 1.2 Reservoir Lithologies -- 1.2.1 Clastic Rocks -- 1.2.2 Pore Throat Distribution in Carbonate Rocks -- 1.2.3 Carbonate Rocks -- 1.2.4 Carbonate versus Sandstone Reservoirs -- 1.2.5 Volcanic/Igneous Rocks -- 1.2.6 Classification of Hydrocarbon Accumulations Based on the Type of Traps -- 2. Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs -- 2.1 Petrophysical Parameters -- 2.2 Porosity, Void Ratio, and Density -- 2.2.1 Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity in Argillaceous Sediments -- 2.3 Permeability -- 2.3.1 Porosity /Permeability Relationship -- 2.4 Specific Surface Area -- 2.4.1 Derivation of Theoretical Equation Relating Porosity, Permeability, and Surface Area -- 2.4.2 Relationship Between Specific Surface Area (Area Per Unit of Pore Volume) and Permeability of Carbonate Rocks -- 2.4.3 Relationship Between Specific Surface Area and Residual Water Saturation of Carbonate Rocks -- 2.5 Interrelationship Among Prorosity, Permeability, and Specific Surface Area -- 2.5.1 Vuktyl'skiy Gas-Condensate Field, Russia -- 2.5.2 Central Asia -- 2.5.3 Kuybyshev, Along-Volga Region, Russia -- 2.5.4 Orenburg Field, Russia -- 2.6 Wettability - Capillarity -- 2.6.1 Interfacial Tension and Contact Angle -- 2.6.2 Capillary Pressure Curves -- 2.6.3 Compressibility -- 2.7 Elastic Properties -- 2.7.1 Classification of Stresses -- 2.8 Acoustic Properties -- 2.8.1 Borehole Seismic and Well Logging Methods.

2.8.2 Practical Use of Acoustic Properties of Rocks -- 2.9 Electrical Resistivity -- 2.9.1 Spontaneous Potential -- 2.10 Radioactivity -- 2.10.1 Atomic Structure -- 2.10.2 Radioactivity Logging Applications -- 2.11 Chemistry of Waters in Shales versus those in Sandstones -- 3. Seismic Parameters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Elastic Properties -- 3.3 Velocity and Rock Properties -- 3.4 Pore Pressure -- 3.5 Seismic Anisotropy -- 3.5.1 Effective Medium Theories -- 3.5.2 The Effect of Pore Space and Pore Geometry on Moduli -- 3.5.3 Gassmann's Equations -- 3.5.4 Bounding Average Method -- 3.5.5 Kuster and Toksöz Theory -- A. Historical Review -- A.1 Introduction -- A.2 Initial Phases of Development -- A.3 Gus Archie's Equations and the Dawn of Quantitative Petrophysics -- A.4 Air-Filled Boreholes, Oil-Based Muds, and Induction Logs -- A.5 World War II Technology Legacy -- A.6 Cased-Hole Correlation and Natural Gamma Ray Logs -- A.7 Seismic Velocities, Acoustic Logs, and Jessie Wylie's Time Average Equation -- A.8 The Manhattan Project and Nuclear Logging -- A.9 Space Program Technology Legacy -- A.10 SANDIA Geothermal Log Program and Hardened Microcircuits -- A.11 Extended-Reach Directional Drilling, Horizontal Wells, Deep Water, Ultra Deep Wells and Measurements While Drilling -- A.12 Data Acquisition, Data Recording, and Data Transmission Developments -- A.13 Log Analysis Developments -- A.14 Formation True Resistivity, Rt, Flushed Zone Resistivity, Rxo, Water Saturation, Sw, and Flushed Zone Saturation, Sxo -- A.15 Rat Holes, Bed Resolution, Depth of Investigation, and Laterolog Developments -- A.16 Air, Mist and Oil-Based Muds: Induction Log Developments -- A.17 Departure Curves, Tornado Charts and Inversion -- A.18 Acoustic Log - The Accidental Porosity Tool -- A.19 Neutron Log - The First True Porosity Tool.

A.20 Density Log - The Porosity Tool that almost did not Make It -- A.21 Pulsed Neutron Capture Logs - The All Purpose Tool -- A.22 Through Casing Resistivity Measurements - Well Logging's Holy Grail -- A.23 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Log - Patience and Persistence -- A.24 Sxo Tool Developments -- A.25 Dielectric Tool Developments -- A.26 Dipmeters to Borehole Imaging -- A.27 Wireline Formation Testers -- A.28 Shaly Sands -- A.29 Golden Era and Black Period of Petrophysics -- A.30 The Future -- Bibliography -- Web Pages -- B. Mechanics of Fluid Flow -- B.1 Fundamental Equation of Fluid Statics -- B.2 Buoyancy -- B.3 General Energy Equation -- B.4 Derivation of Formula for Flow Through Orifice Meter -- B.5 Compressible Flow Formula -- B.6 Farshad's Surface Roughness Values and Relative-Roughness Equations -- B.7 Flow Through Fractures -- B.8 Permeability of a Fracture-Matrix System -- B.9 Fluid Flow in Deformable Rock Fractures -- B.10 Electrokinetic Flow -- References -- C. Glossary -- References -- Bibliography -- Subject Index.