Dietary Treatment of Epilepsy: Practical Implementation of Ketogenic Therapy -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- A personal note -- Section 1 Introduction and Overview -- 1 Introduction to the ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments -- Historical overview -- The classical and medium-chain triglyceride KD -- Alternative KD therapies -- Other non- KD treatments -- Application and availability of KD therapy -- References -- 2 Epilepsy and epileptic seizures -- Diagnosis -- Prevalence and incidence -- Epileptic seizure and syndrome diagnosis -- Treatment: what and why -- Prognosis -- Summary -- Further reading -- 3 Treatment options in the paediatric epilepsy clinic -- Further trials of medication -- The place of dietary therapy -- Epilepsy surgery -- Deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation -- Evaluation: is this child a candidate for surgery, DBS or VNS ? -- Palliative care -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Efficacy of ketogenic dietary therapy: what is the evidence? -- How well does it work overall? -- Who should it be used for? -- Evidence for 'alternative' ketogenic diets -- Ages older than childhood -- Efficacy beyond seizure control -- Summary -- References -- 5 The biochemical basis of dietary therapies for neurological disorders -- Components of different diets -- Fat absorption and metabolism -- Mechanisms of action of ketogenic diet -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section 2 Clinical Implementation -- 6 Preparing for dietary treatment -- Ketogenic dietary therapy: the multidisciplinary team -- Assessment of suitability for dietary treatment -- Pre-diet evaluation -- Pre-diet laboratory tests and medical investigations -- Preparing families for dietary treatment -- Deciding which dietary treatment to use -- Advice on pre-diet meal manipulation -- Summary -- Acknowledgements.

References -- Supplement to chapter -- 7 The challenge of therapeutic diets in children with pre-existing feeding problems -- Physical feeding difficulties -- Growth and energy requirements -- Behavioural feeding difficulties -- Feeding problems and autistic spectrum disorder -- Summary -- References -- 8 The classical ketogenic diet -- The energy prescription -- The protein prescription -- The diet ratio -- Diet prescription -- Meal planning -- Ketoshake meal replacements -- An alternative method for implementing a classical KD that uses exchanges -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 The medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet -- Energy prescription -- Dietary prescription -- Daily meal plan -- Additional considerations relating to use of exchange lists -- Introduction of the MCT -- Ketoshake meal replacements -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 The modified Atkins diet -- The Johns Hopkins MAD protocol -- Modified Atkins diet in the UK and Ireland -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 11 The Low Glycaemic Index Treatment -- Background and development -- Efficacy -- Initiation of an individualized treatment -- Follow-up -- Fine tuning -- Micronutrient supplementation -- Side effects -- Sick day management -- Diet discontinuation -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Managing dietary treatment: further dietetic issues -- Supplementation of vitamins, minerals and trace elements -- Essential fatty acids -- Free foods, sweeteners and sugar alcohols -- Reading labels -- Fluids -- Special occasions -- Food allergy or intolerance -- Topical creams and toothpaste -- Concluding comment -- References -- 13 Managing dietary treatment: a parent's perspective -- Background: parental fears and anxieties -- Preparation for the diet and getting started: advice for the family -- Shopping for the diet -- Tips for low-carbohydrate meals.

Eating away from home -- Solving everyday problems -- 14 Enteral feeding -- Calculating ketogenic enteral feeds for existing enteral feeders -- Transition to ketogenic enteral feed from an existing enteral feed -- Medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic enteral feeds -- Existing KD therapy patients who subsequently require enteral feeding -- Reflux -- Jejunal feeding -- Constipation -- Weaning off a ketogenic enteral feed -- References -- 15 Dietary initiation -- Initiation protocols -- Blood glucose and ketone levels during initiation -- References -- 16 Ketone monitoring and management of illness -- Measurement of urine ketones -- Blood measurement of ketosis -- Management of illness -- Medications -- References -- 17 Fine tuning -- Protein manipulation -- Carbohydrate manipulation -- Fat manipulation -- Energy manipulation -- Conclusion -- Reference -- 18 Monitoring and side effects -- Haematology and biochemistry -- Monitoring efficacy -- Growth -- Kidney stones -- Gastrointestinal side effects -- Other side effects -- Conclusion -- References -- 19 Dietary treatments and bone health -- Osteoporosis -- Peak bone mass -- Epilepsy, fractures and antiepileptic drugs -- Nutrition and physical activity -- Ketogenic diet -- Modified diets -- Monitoring and treatment(s) -- References -- 20 Carnitine -- Background -- Carnitine and the ketogenic diet -- Assessing carnitine status and supplementation -- Conclusion -- References -- 21 Switching or discontinuing dietary treatment -- Switching dietary treatment -- Discontinuation of dietary treatment -- References -- Section 3 Broader Applications -- 22 Dietary treatment of epilepsy in infants -- Use of the ketogenic diet in infants -- Infantile spasms -- Commercially available formulas for use in the KD -- Implementation of the KD in infants -- Monitoring the KD in infants -- Conclusion -- References.

23 Dietary treatment of epilepsy in adults -- The evidence -- Additional benefits -- Increasing demand for treatment -- Who should be considered for adult KD therapy? -- Implementation of adult KD therapy -- Which dietary treatment? -- Enteral feeding -- Barriers to use of dietary treatment in adults -- Future directions -- References -- 24 Ketogenic dietary therapy in India -- Introduction to use of the ketogenic diet in India -- Use of soy -- Use of spices -- Normalization of lipids -- Maintaining uric acid in the normal range -- Use of blood ketones to improve efficacy -- Use of high PUFA to improve efficacy -- Use of KD in other neurological conditions -- Spreading the use of KD in India -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 25 Ketogenic dietary therapy in East Asia -- Implementation of diet therapy -- Development of a liquid formula of ketogenic milk -- Development of diverse KD menus -- Modified Atkins diet -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowlegement -- References -- 26 Ketogenic dietary therapy in Africa -- Background -- Food choices -- Implementation of the KD -- Modified diets -- References -- 27 Ketogenic dietary therapy in neurometabolic disease -- The ketogenic diet in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome -- The ketogenic diet in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency -- The ketogenic diet in other neurometabolic conditions -- References -- 28 Beyond epilepsy: ketogenic diet use in other disease states -- Alzheimer disease -- Parkinson disease -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Ageing -- Post-ischaemia models -- Mitochondrial cytopathies -- Neurotrauma -- Cancer -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Afterword -- References -- Appendix -- Index.