Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations -- Symbols -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Introduction What's in a Name? -- 0.0 Introduction -- 0.1 A Very Brief History of the Term Creole -- 0.2 Why the Danish West Indies is a Useful Case Study -- 0.3 A Matter of Method -- 0.3.1 Linguistic Sources -- 0.3.2 Revising the Linguistic History of the Danish West Indies -- 0.4 Retelling the Colony's Linguistic Story -- Chapter One Hubristic Eurocentricism: Grammar and the Colonial Mindset -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Eschewing Barbarisms -- 1.2 Developing Europe's Cultural Lens -- 1.3 Cultural Contact in the Caribbean -- 1.4 The Intellectual Milieu and Linguistic Analysis -- 1.5 Summary -- Chapter Two The Colonial Response: Community Building and Language Creation -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Identity and Linguistic Community -- 2.2 Ideological Clash in the Danish West Indies -- 2.3 Building Community -- 2.4 Communal Identity and Language -- 2.4.1 The Internal Differentiation of Negerhollands -- 2.5 Summary -- Chapter Three A History and Demography of the Danish West Indies -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Colonization and the Struggle for Survival -- 3.2 Population Stability and the Emergence of Negerhollands -- 3.3 What Languages Did the Creators of Negerhollands Speak? -- 3.4 Prosperity and the Emergence of Hoch Kreol -- 3.5 Territorial Expansion -- 3.6 The Free Afro-Caribbean Population -- 3.7 The Shift to English and Virgin Islands English Creole -- 3.8 Summary -- Chapter Four Virgin Islands Dutch Creole: Documentation and Interpretation -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 Evangelical Activity and Virgin Island Dutch Creole -- 4.2 Language and the Urban Afro-Caribbean Community -- 4.3 Scholarly Activity and Virgin Island Dutch Creole -- 4.4 Language Death: A Red Herring -- 4.5 Abandoning Previous Assumptions -- 4.6 Summary.

Chapter Five Language Learning and Situational Constraints -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Age of Arrival -- 5.2 Trauma and Anxiety -- 5.3 Aptitude and Multilingualism -- 5.4 Intentionality and Investment -- 5.5 Sex -- 5.6 Summary -- Chapter Six Deploying Linguistic Resources -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Input -- 6.1.1 Input Negotiation -- 6.1.2 Input Processing -- 6.2 Output -- 6.3 Language Emergence in the Afro-Caribbean Community -- 6.4 Heritage Language Influence -- 6.5 Summary -- Chapter Seven Interlingual Influence: Phonology -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Segmental Inventories -- 7.1.1 Negerhollands Vowels -- 7.1.2 Negerhollands Consonants -- 7.2 Negerhollands Syllable Structure -- 7.2.1 Positive Transfer -- 7.2.2 Segmental Reanalysis -- 7.2.3 The Addition of Non-Etymological Vowels -- 7.2.4 The Elimination of Etymological Consonants -- 7.2.5 Metathesis -- 7.2.6 Homo-Organic Nasal-Stop Sequences -- 7.3 Ordering Developmental Patterns -- 7.4 Summary -- Chapter Eight Interlingual Influence: Plural Marking -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Plural Marking in Negerhollands -- 8.1.1 Negerhollands Plural Forms -- 8.1.2 Semantic and Pragmatic Conditioning -- 8.1.3 The Negerhollands Associative Plural -- 8.2 Hoch Kreol and the Language of the Evangelical Texts -- 8.3 Summary -- Chapter Nine Interlingual Influence: Verb Serialization -- 9.0 Introduction -- 9.1 Negerhollands Two-Verb Serial Verb Constructions -- 9.1.1 Negerhollands /lo/ -- 9.1.2 Negerhollands /kaba/, /stat/, and /bigin/ -- 9.1.3 Negerhollands /ko(m)/ -- 9.1.4 Negerhollands /gi/ -- 9.1.5 Negerhollands /ne/ -- 9.1.6 Negerhollands /se/ -- 9.1.7 Negerhollands /maŋke/ and /wɛl/ -- 9.1.8 Negerhollands /ma(k)/ -- 9.2 Negerhollands Multiverb Serial Verb Constructions -- 9.3 A Proposed History of Virgin Islands Dutch Creole Serial Verb Constructions -- 9.3.1 How did Serial Verb Constructions Emerge?.

9.3.2 When did Negerhollands Serial Verb Constructions Emerge? -- 9.3.3 Verb Serialization Prior to the Twentieth Century -- 9.4 Hoch Kreol Verb Sequences -- 9.5 Summary -- Chapter Ten Conclusion -- Appendix One Some Notes on the Creole Language of the Danish West Indian Islands -- Appendix Two The Danish West Indian Creole Language -- Appendix Three Glossary of Variable Virgin Islands Dutch Creole Forms -- Bibliography -- Author Index -- Subject Index.