Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Overview and causes of respiratory diseases -- Mortality and morbidity -- Costs of respiratory disease -- 2 Why work in respiratory nursing? -- A career in respiratory medicine or thoracic surgery? -- Desirable qualities for a respiratory nurse -- How do I become a respiratory nurse? -- What are the current job prospects? -- 3 Anatomy and physiology -- Introduction -- Overall view of the respiratory tract -- Airway structure -- What happens during 'a breath'? -- Control of airway calibre -- 4 Respiratory assessment -- Introduction -- The consultation -- History taking 1 -- History taking 2 -- Symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease -- Non-specific and extra-pulmonary symptoms -- Breathlessness 1 -- Breathlessness 2 -- Cough -- Sputum -- Haemoptysis -- Chest pain -- Respiratory examination -- General inspection -- Examination of the hands and limbs -- Examination of the head and neck -- Palpation -- Percussion -- Auscultation -- Abnormal breath sounds -- Completing the respiratory assessment -- 5 Respiratory investigations -- Introduction -- Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) -- Performing the PEFR test -- Spirometry -- Vital capacity -- Interpretation of results -- Combined obstruction and restriction -- Flow volume graphs -- Reversibility testing -- Suitability of patients spirometry -- Types of spirometers -- Standardization -- Respiratory function tests -- Exercise testing -- Breathlessness rating -- Body mass index (BMI) -- Arterial blood gas (ABG) -- Compensation -- Arterial blood sample -- Capillary blood samples -- Pulse oximetry -- Blood tests -- Radiological investigations -- Evaluating chest-X-rays -- Computed tomography (CT) scan -- Magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) -- Bronchoscopy -- Skin-prick testing -- Sputum samples -- 6 Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Definition -- Incidence -- Aetiology.

Pathophysiology -- Treatment and general management -- Prognosis -- Nursing care -- Further reading -- 7 Asthma and allergies -- Introduction -- Asthma: a definition -- Pathophysiology -- Allergen exposure: early and late phase asthma responses -- Asthma classification -- Occupational asthma -- Risk factors for the development of asthma -- Trigger factors for asthma -- Inhaled allergens as triggers for asthma -- Other triggers for asthma -- Incidence and epidemiology of asthma -- Morbidity and mortality -- Assessment of the asthma patient -- Asthma severity -- Treatment and management of chronic asthma -- Assessment of acute asthma -- Managing acute astham-adults -- Managing acute asthma-children -- Discharge planning -- Asthma in pregnancy -- Asthma management in pregnancy -- Patient education -- Asthma action plans -- Compliance, concordance and adherence -- Health beliefs -- Patient-centred consultations -- Inhaler devices and delivery systems -- Introduction to allergy -- Allergy and the allergic response -- Atopy -- Diagnosis of allergy -- Allergic rhinitis 1 -- Allergic rhinitis 2 -- Anaphylaxis -- Acute and longer-term care of anaphylaxis -- Immunotherapy -- Algorithms -- 8 Bronchiectasis -- Introduction -- Causes of bronchiectasis -- Clinical features 1 -- Clinical features 2 -- Management of bronchiectasis -- Antibiotic management of bronchiectasis 1 -- Antibiotic management of bronchiectasis 2 -- Other infections in bronchiectasis -- Monitoring -- 9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- Introduction -- Causes and risk factors for COPD -- Pathophysiology -- Epidemiology -- Differential diagnosis -- Investigations -- Assessment of the COPD patient -- COPD management strategies -- Pharmacotherapy 1 -- Pharmacotherapy 2 -- Drug delivery systems in COPD -- Other therapies 1 -- Other therapies 2 -- Acute exacerbations of COPD.

Management of exacerbations -- Treatment of exacerbations of COPD -- Oxygen -- Assisted ventilation -- Nursing care -- Respiratory nurse specialists -- Follow-up post-exacerbation -- Routine follow-up of COPD patients in primary care -- Other treatment modalities -- Complications of COPD -- Palliative care -- Multidisciplinary team 1 -- Multidisciplinary team 2 -- Self-management -- 10 Cystic fibrosis -- Cystic fibrosis -- Clinical presentations and diagnosis of CF -- Complications of CF 1 -- Complications of CF 2 -- Care and management of CF -- 11 Diffuse parenchymal lung disease (interstitial lung disease) -- Overview -- Common causes -- Investigations -- Some common DPLDs -- Treatments -- Prognosis -- The nurses' role -- 12 Lung cancer -- Epidemiology -- Types of lung cancer -- Presenting symptoms and referral guidelines -- Investigations -- Diagnostic procedures and staging -- Staging -- Multidisciplinary teams (MDT) -- Breaking bad news -- Performance status -- Treatment options: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) -- Treatment options: non-small cell lung cancer -- Palliative care -- Pain -- Analgesic ladder -- What if opioids don't work? -- Role of the lung cancer nurse specialist -- Mesothelioma 1 -- Mesotheloima 2 -- 13 Obstructive sleep apnoea -- What is it? -- What is the cause? -- Prevalence -- Signs and symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Differential diagnosis -- Treatment -- Nursing care -- 14 Oxygen therapy -- Introduction -- Clinical indicators of hypoxaemia -- Acute oxygen therapy -- Oxygen delivery devices: high-flow devices -- Oxygen delivery devices: low-flow devices 1 -- Oxygen delivery low-flow devices 2 -- Humidification of acute oxygen therapy -- Long-term oxygen therapy -- Pulse oximetry -- Assessment for LTOT by respiratory team -- Short-burst oxygen therapy -- Ambulatory oxygen -- Oxygen equipment -- Home oxygen order form (HOOF).

Follow-up care -- 15 Pharmacology -- Introduction -- Basic pharmacology -- Pharmacokinetics -- Absorption -- Distribution -- Metabolism -- Excretion -- Pharmacodynamics -- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) -- Short- and long-acting inhaled β[sub(2)] agonists -- Oral β[sub(2)] agonist bronchodilators -- Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) bronchodilators -- Combined inhaled short-acting bronchodilators -- Methylxanthines (theophyllines) -- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) -- ICS in asthma and COPD -- Side-effects of ICS -- Choice of ICS -- Oral corticosteroids -- Combined inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators (ICS/LABA) -- Leukotriene receptor agonists (LTRAs) -- Cromones -- Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) -- Mucolytics -- Inhaler devices -- Reproduced with the kind permission of J Bell/Canday Medical Ltd -- Inspiratory flow -- Types of inhaled therapy -- Pressurized metered dose inhalers -- Spacer devices -- Fig. 15.6 Example of a breath-actuated inhaler -- Breath actuated pMDIs -- Dry powder inhalers -- Nebulized therapy 1 -- Nebulized therapy 2 -- Inspiratory flow meters -- Placebo devices -- 16 Pleural effusion -- Definition -- Aetiology -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Management -- Nursing care -- 17 Pneumonia -- Background -- Types of pneumonia -- Symptoms -- Transmission and risk factors -- Treatment -- Prevention -- Nursing care -- 18 Pneumothorax -- Introduction -- Management -- Nursing care -- 19 Pulmonary embolism -- Definition -- Clinical assessment -- Investigations -- Management -- Nursing care -- 20 Pulmonary hypertension -- Introduction -- Definition -- Epidemiology, diagnosis and classification -- Clinical features and investigations -- Assessment and key investigations -- Treatment -- Nursing care and advice -- 21 Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation -- Background -- Respiratory failure.

Ventilators and interfaces -- Indications for use -- Contraindications -- Nursing care and monitoring -- Service provision -- Summary -- 22 Tuberculosis -- Introduction -- Epidemiology and pathophysiology -- Signs and symptoms -- Investigations -- Standard drug therapy -- Directly observed therapy (DOT) -- Drug-resistant TB -- Pregnancy -- Nursing care -- Contact tracing -- 23 Palliative care -- The importance of palliative care -- Inequalities in health care and palliation -- Care and management 1 -- Care and management 2 -- Nursing care -- 24 Pulmonary rehabilitation -- Introduction -- Why is pulmonary rehabilitation necessary? -- Who benefits from pulmonary rehabilitation? -- What should a programme entail? -- Where should pulmonary rehabilitation take place? -- Follow-up -- 25 Public health -- Introduction -- The facts about smoking -- The physiological effects of smoking on the respiratory system -- Lung disease and smoking -- Smoking cessation -- Pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation -- Nicotine replacement therapy -- Non-nicotine-based pharmacotherapy -- Smoking cessation services -- Smoking cessation support -- Respiratory health in the workplace -- Housing and respiratory health -- Environment and pollution -- Income and respiratory disease -- Nutrition in respiratory disease 1 -- Nutrition in respiratory disease 2 -- 26 Sex, sexuality and breathlessness -- Introduction -- Nursing care -- Sexual expression and the respiratory patient -- Adverse effects of medication -- Points to remember -- 27 The multidisciplinary team -- Introduction -- Role of the respiratory nurse specialist -- Role of the community nurse -- Hospital at home services -- Role of the respiratory nurse consultant -- Role of the paediatric respiratory nurse -- Role of the pharmacist -- Role of the respiratory physiotherapist.

Role of the respiratory occupational therapist.