RF Analog Impairments Modeling for Communication Systems Simulation : Application to OFDM-based Transceivers.
Title:
RF Analog Impairments Modeling for Communication Systems Simulation : Application to OFDM-based Transceivers.
Author:
Smaini, Lydi.
ISBN:
9781118438886
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (220 pages)
Contents:
RF Analog Impairments Modeling for Communication Systems Simulation -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication System-on-Chip, RF Analog Front-End, OFDM Modulation, and Performance Metrics -- 1.1 Communication System-on-Chip -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.2 CMOS Technology -- 1.1.3 Coexistence Issues -- 1.2 RF AFE Overview -- 1.2.1 Introduction -- 1.2.2 Superheterodyne Transceiver -- 1.2.3 Homodyne Transceiver -- 1.2.4 Low-IF Transceiver -- 1.2.5 Analog Baseband Filter Order versus ADC Dynamic Range -- 1.2.6 Digital Compensation of RF Analog Front-End Imperfections -- 1.3 OFDM Modulation -- 1.3.1 OFDM as a Multicarrier Modulation -- 1.3.2 Fourier Transform and Orthogonal Subcarriers -- 1.3.3 Channel Estimation and Equalization in Frequency Domain -- 1.3.4 Pilot-Tones -- 1.3.5 Guard Interval -- 1.3.6 Windowed OFDM -- 1.3.7 Adaptive Transmission -- 1.3.8 OFDMA for Multiple Access -- 1.3.9 Scalable OFDMA -- 1.3.10 OFDM DBB Architecture -- 1.3.11 OFDM-Based Standards -- 1.4 SNR, EVM, and Eb/N0 Definitions and Relationship -- 1.4.1 Bit Error Rate -- 1.4.2 SNR versus EVM -- 1.4.3 SNR versus Eb/N0 -- 1.4.4 Complex Baseband Representation -- References -- Chapter 2 RF Analog Impairments Description and Modeling -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thermal Noise -- 2.2.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise -- 2.2.2 Noise Figure and Sensitivity -- 2.2.3 Cascaded Noise Voltage in IC Design -- 2.2.4 AWGN in Simulations -- 2.2.5 Flicker Noise and AWGN Modeling -- 2.3 Oscillator Phase Noise -- 2.3.1 Description and Impact on the System -- 2.3.2 Phase Noise Modeling in the Frequency Domain -- 2.3.3 Simulation in Temporal Domain -- 2.3.4 SNR Limitation due to the Phase Noise -- 2.3.5 Impact of Phase Noise in OFDM -- 2.3.5.1 In-band: SNR/EVM Degradation.
2.3.5.2 Out-of-Band: Reciprocal Mixing due to OFDM Interferers in Reception -- 2.4 Sampling Jitter -- 2.4.1 Jitter Definitions -- 2.4.2 Sampling Jitter and Phase Noise Relationship -- 2.4.3 SNR Limitation due to Sampling Jitter -- 2.4.4 Impact of Sampling Jitter in OFDM -- 2.4.5 Sampling Jitter Modeling -- 2.5 Carrier Frequency Offset -- 2.5.1 Description -- 2.5.2 Impact of CFO in OFDM -- 2.5.2.1 CFO Modeling -- 2.6 Sampling Frequency Offset -- 2.6.1 Description -- 2.6.2 Impact of SFO in OFDM -- 2.6.2.1 SFO Modeling -- 2.7 I and Q Mismatch -- 2.7.1 Description -- 2.7.1.1 Transmitter IQ Mismatch -- 2.7.1.2 Receiver IQ Mismatch -- 2.7.2 IQ Mismatch Modeling -- 2.7.3 SNR Limitation due to IQ Mismatch -- 2.7.4 Impact of IQ Mismatch in OFDM -- 2.8 DAC/ADC Quantization Noise and Clipping -- 2.8.1 SNR Limitation due to the Quantization Noise and Clipping Level -- 2.8.1.1 ADC Noise Floor versus Receiver Gain -- 2.8.2 Impact of Converter Clipping Level in OFDM -- 2.8.2.1 OFDM Signal Peak to Average Power Ratio -- 2.8.2.2 Clipping Definition and Impact -- 2.8.3 DAC and ADC Dynamic Range in OFDM -- 2.8.4 DAC and ADC Modeling -- 2.9 IP2 and IP3: Second- and Third-Order Nonlinearities -- 2.9.1 Harmonics (Single-Tone Test) -- 2.9.2 Intermodulation Distortion (Two-Tone Test) -- 2.9.3 Receiver Performance Degradation due to the Non-linearities -- 2.9.3.1 Impact of the Second-Order Nonlinearity -- 2.9.3.2 Impact of the Third-Order Nonlinearity -- 2.9.3.3 Two-Tone Test Specification Limitation -- 2.9.4 Impact of Third-Order Nonlinearity in OFDM -- 2.9.4.1 SNDR Limitation due to the CTB -- 2.9.5 Simulation in Complex Baseband -- 2.10 Power Amplifier Distortion -- 2.10.1 PA Modeling -- 2.10.1.1 Saleh Model -- 2.10.1.2 Ghorbani Model -- 2.10.1.3 Rapp Model -- 2.10.2 Impact of PA Distortions in OFDM -- References.
Chapter 3 Simulation of the RF Analog Impairments Impact on Real OFDM-Based Transceiver Performance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 WLAN and Mobile WiMAX PHY Overview -- 3.2.1 WLAN: Standard IEEE 802.11a/g -- 3.2.2 Mobile WiMAX: Standard IEEE 802.16e -- 3.3 Simulation Bench Overview -- 3.3.1 WiFi and WiMAX OFDM Transceiver Modeling -- 3.3.2 EVM Estimation as Performance Metric -- 3.3.3 EVM versus SNR Simulations in AWGN Channel -- 3.4 WiFi OFDM and Mobile WiMAX Signals PAPR -- 3.5 Transmitter Impairments Simulation -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 DAC Clipping and Resolution -- 3.5.3 I and Q Mismatch -- 3.5.4 RF Oscillator Phase Noise -- 3.5.5 Power Amplifier Distortion -- 3.5.6 Transmitter Complete Simulation -- 3.6 Receiver Impairments Simulation -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 Carrier Frequency Offset -- 3.6.3 Sampling Frequency Offset -- 3.6.4 Linearity: IIP2 and IIP3 -- 3.6.4.1 Impact of Receiver IP3 -- 3.6.4.2 Impact of Receiver IP2 -- 3.6.4.3 Impact of Receiver IP2 and IP3 -- 3.6.4.4 Linearity versus Out-of-Band Interferers -- 3.6.5 I and Q Mismatch -- 3.6.6 RF Oscillator Phase Noise and Reciprocal Mixing -- 3.6.7 Sampling Jitter -- 3.6.8 ADC Clipping and Resolution -- 3.6.9 Receiver Complete Simulation -- 3.7 Adaptive Modulation Illustration -- 3.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Digital Compensation of RF Analog Impairments -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 CFO Estimation and Correction -- 4.2.1 CFO Estimation Principle -- 4.2.2 CFO Estimation in the Time Domain -- 4.2.3 CFO Estimation in the Frequency Domain -- 4.2.4 CFO Correction -- 4.3 SFO Estimation and Correction -- 4.3.1 SFO Estimation Principle -- 4.3.2 SFO Estimation -- 4.3.3 SFO Correction -- 4.3.4 Joint SFO and CFO Estimation -- 4.4 IQ Mismatch Estimation and Correction -- 4.4.1 Principle -- 4.4.2 Effect of the Channel -- 4.4.3 Simulation Results.
4.5 Power Amplifier Linearization -- 4.5.1 Digital Predistortion Principle -- 4.5.2 Memory Polynomial Predistortion -- 4.5.3 Polynomial Coefficients Computation -- 4.5.4 Simulation Results -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- Index.
Abstract:
With the growing complexity of personal mobile communication systems demanding higher data-rates and high levels of integration using low-cost CMOS technology, overall system performance has become more sensitive to RF analog front-end impairments. Designing integrated transceivers requires a thorough understanding of the whole transceiver chain including RF analog front-end and digital baseband. Communication system engineers have to include RF analog imperfections in their simulation benches in order to study and quantify their impact on the system performance. Here the author explores key RF analog impairments in a transceiver and demonstrates how to model their impact from a communication system design view-point. He discusses the design aspects of the front end of transceivers (both receivers and transmitters) and provides the reader with a way to optimize a complex mixed-signal platform by taking into account the characteristics of the RF/analog front-end. Key features of this book include: Practical examples illustrated by system simulation results based on WiFi and mobile WiMAX OFDM transceivers An overview of the digital estimation and compensation of the RF analog impairments such as power amplifier distortion, quadrature imbalance, and carrier and sampling frequency offsets An exposition of the challenges involved in the design of both RF analog circuits and DSP communication circuits in deep submicron CMOS technology MATLAB® codes for RF analog impairments models hosted on the companion website Uniquely the book bridges the gap between RFIC design specification needs and communication systems simulation, offering readers RF analog impairments modeling knowledge and a comprehensive approach to unifying theory and practice in system modelling. It is of great value to communication systems and DSP engineers and graduate students who
design communication processing engines, RF/analog systems and IC design engineers involved in the design of communication platforms.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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