Title page -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- 1. Preanesthesia evaluation and testing -- American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification -- Surgical risk classification -- Outcome -- American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Advisory for Preanesthesia Evaluation -- Time of assessment -- Scientific basis for testing -- Preanesthesia evaluation -- History and physical examination -- Laboratory and ancillary testing -- Patient selection -- Location of surgery -- Logistics of the preanesthesia evaluation -- Organizational structure -- Facilities -- Staff -- Summary -- References -- 2. Minimally invasive and advanced ambulatory procedures -- General surgery procedures -- Biliary tract surgery -- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy -- Considerations for ambulatory laparoscopic surgery -- Gastric surgery -- Laparoscopic gastric banding -- Esophageal surgery -- Laparoscopic fundoplication -- Laparoscopic splenectomy -- Breast surgery -- Mammoplasty -- Mastectomy -- Endocrine surgery -- Thyroidectomy -- Adrenalectomy -- Neurosurgical procedures -- Intracranial neurosurgery -- Spinal neurosurgery -- Ophthalmic procedures -- Vitreoretinal surgery -- Thoracic procedures -- Mediastinoscopy -- Thoracoscopy -- Limited thoracotomy -- Cardiovascular procedures -- Cardiac surgery -- Vascular surgery -- Carotid endarterectomy -- Gynecologic procedures -- Hysterectomy -- Urologic procedures -- Nephrectomy -- Prostatectomy -- Transurethral resection of the prostate -- Radical prostatectomy -- Orthopedic procedures -- Shoulder arthroplasty -- Hip arthroplasty -- Aesthetic surgery procedures -- Abdominoplasty -- Summary -- References -- 3. Adult clinical challenges -- Geriatrics -- Preoperative evaluation -- Perioperative care -- Postoperative care of the elderly -- Cardiovascular disease -- Hypertension -- Coronary artery disease.

Valvular heart disease -- Mitral valve prolapse -- Pacemaker -- Pulmonary disease -- Asthma -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- Endocrine disorders -- Diabetes mellitus -- Thyroid disease -- Hypothyroidism -- Hyperthyroidism -- Preoperative evaluation -- Morbid obesity -- Obstructive sleep apnea -- End-stage renal disease -- Rheumatoid arthritis -- Alcohol and drug use -- Immunosuppression -- Cancer patient -- HIV/AIDS patient -- Gastroesophageal reflux disease -- Mental health -- Latex allergy -- Medical consultation -- Summary -- References -- 4. Pediatric clinical challenges -- Pediatric ambulatory surgery: basics of preoperative evaluation -- Risk in pediatric anesthesia -- Lower limits of age -- Upper respiratory infection -- Obstructive sleep apnea -- Aspiration risk and gastroesophageal reflux -- Heart murmurs and congenital heart disease -- Down syndrome -- Neuromuscular disorders -- Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility -- The child with cancer -- Sickle cell disease -- Summary -- References -- 5. Pediatric perioperative management -- Preparation of children for ambulatory surgery -- Pediatric perioperative environment -- Preoperative fasting -- Preoperative laboratory testing -- Psychological preparation -- Pharmacological premedication -- Preinduction techniques -- Parents' presence during induction -- Pediatric equipment -- Airway equipment -- Breathing system -- Airway maintenance -- Monitoring equipment -- Anesthetic agents and techniques -- Inhalational anesthetics -- Sevoflurane -- Desflurane -- Intravenous anesthetics -- Adjunct agents -- Muscle relaxants -- Opioids -- Antiemetics -- Perioperative fluid management -- Postoperative analgesia -- Mild analgesics -- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- Regional analgesia -- Caudal analgesia -- Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric nerve block -- Penile blocks -- Other blocks.

Local infiltration -- Sedation techniques -- Introduction -- Defining the level of sedation -- Patient preparation -- Sedation pharmacology -- Recovery and discharge -- Recovery -- Discharge home -- Complications and admissions -- Complications -- Admissions -- Summary -- References -- 6. Adult preoperative preparation: equipment and monitoring -- Preoperative instructions for patients -- Use of current medications -- Chronic medications -- Herbal medicines -- Fasting guidelines -- Preoperative medications in adults -- Controlling anxiety -- Control of perioperative pain -- Controlling the risk of aspiration -- Miscellaneous premedicants -- Corticosteroids -- Prophylactic antibiotics -- Preanesthetic evaluation on the day of surgery -- Equipment and monitoring -- Airway devices -- Summary -- References -- 7. Sedation techniques -- Definitions -- Safety -- Patient and procedure selection -- Preparation -- Monitoring -- Recovery and discharge -- Standards of care -- Current controversies -- Optimal sedation: choosing drugs -- Pharmacology of sedation drugs -- Propofol -- Midazolam -- Flumazenil -- Ketamine -- Methohexital -- Dexmedetomidine -- Etomidate -- Pharmacology of inhaled sedatives -- Sevoflurane -- Nitrous oxide -- Pharmacology of opioids -- Remifentanil -- Fentanyl -- Alfentanil -- Emerging practice -- Fospropofol -- Patient-controlled sedation -- Summary -- References -- 8. Regional anesthesia -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient assessment -- Preoperative block area -- Monitoring -- Resuscitation equipment -- Local anesthetics and adjuvants -- Regional anesthesia equipment -- Sedation -- Neuraxial anesthesia -- Spinal anesthesia -- Epidural anesthesia -- Caudal anesthesia -- Combined spinal epidural anesthesia -- Upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks -- Interscalene brachial plexus block -- Supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block -- Axillary brachial plexus block -- Distal upper extremity nerve blocks -- Intravenous regional anesthesia -- Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks -- Lumbar plexus block (posterior approach) -- Femoral nerve block -- Fascia iliaca block -- Proximal sciatic nerve block -- Distal sciatic nerve block (popliteal fossa approach) -- Distal lower extremity nerve blocks -- Continuous ambulatory peripheral nerve blocks -- Truncal peripheral nerve blocks -- Paravertebral nerve block -- Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve blocks -- Head and neck nerve blocks -- Ophthalmologic blocks -- Superficial cervical plexus block -- Summary -- References -- 9. General anesthesia -- Premedication -- Induction of anesthesia -- Intravenous -- Inhalational -- Maintenance of anesthesia -- Total intravenous anesthesia -- Nitrous oxide -- Brain function (hypnosis) monitoring -- Opioids -- Anesthetic adjuvants -- Neuromuscular blocking drugs -- Airway management -- Summary -- References -- 10. Anesthesia outside the operating room -- General principles -- Site evaluation -- Space and equipment considerations -- Scheduling -- Patient suitability -- Radiology suite -- Radiation safety -- Angiography and embolization procedures -- Radiation therapy -- Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scanner -- Magnetic resonance imaging equipment considerations -- Anesthetic techniques -- Invasive cardiology -- Patient considerations -- Cardiac catheterization considerations -- Automated implantable cardiac defibrillators and pacemakers -- Electroconvulsive therapy -- Lithotripsy -- Complications -- Sedation and anesthetic techniques -- Miscellaneous procedures -- Sedation, monitored anesthetic care, and anesthesia for procedures outside the operating room -- Applicable techniques -- Universal guidelines -- Preparing for emergencies.

Summary -- References -- 11. Office-based anesthesia -- Definition -- Safety -- Regulations and oversight -- State regulations -- Accrediting organizations -- Policies and procedures -- Personnel -- Facility requirements -- Room size -- Power requirements -- Emergency exit strategy -- Facility regulatory bodies -- Basic office layout -- Fire -- Preoperative assessment -- Setup and delivery of care -- General considerations -- Plastic and cosmetic surgical suite -- Mobile surgical suite for intravenous sedation -- Dental suite -- Interventional pain -- Office gastroenterology procedures -- Anesthesia drugs and techniques -- Opioids -- Sedative hypnotics -- Total intravenous anesthesia -- Volatile anesthetics -- Anesthesia considerations for common plastic and cosmetic surgery procedures -- Rhytidectomy -- Breast augmentation -- Liposuction -- Abdominoplasty -- Postoperative care -- Fast-tracking -- Acute pain management -- Nausea and vomiting -- Special considerations -- Adverse incident reporting and quality improvement activities -- Emergencies in the office setting -- Transfer agreements -- Summary -- References -- 12. Postanesthesia care recovery and management -- Recovery area design and function -- Physical arrangement of units -- Secondary recovery area -- Overnight observation -- Staffing -- Transport for urgent care -- Criteria-based recovery -- Ambulatory recovery issues -- Postoperative pain -- Nausea and emesis -- Postdischarge nausea and vomiting -- Cardiovascular alterations -- Hypertension -- Hypotension -- Myocardial ischemia -- Rhythm disturbances -- Management of chronic cardiac medications -- Airway and pulmonary complications -- Bronchospasm -- Postintubation stridor -- Pulmonary aspiration -- Surgical complications -- Temperature abnormalities -- Hypothermia -- Malignant hyperthermia -- Minor complications.

Influence of anesthetics and anesthesia techniques on recovery.