Integrated Biomaterials for Biomedical Technology -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- 1. 1D~3D Nano-engineered Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 3D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications -- 1.2.1 Synthesis of NPs -- 1.2.2 Synthesis in Water -- 1.2.3 Synthesis in Organic Medium -- 1.2.4 Other Methods -- 1.3 Structural and Functional Modification -- 1.3.1 Surface Modification -- 1.3.2 Internal Modification -- 1.4 Properties of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application -- 1.4.1 Toxicity -- 1.4.2 Optical Properties -- 1.5 Applications of NPs -- 1.5.1 Biomedical Imaging -- 1.5.2 Analytical Tools -- 1.5.3 Therapeutic Biomedicine -- 1.5.4 Drug Delivery -- 1.6 2D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications -- 1.6.1 Materials of Nanofiber -- 1.6.2 Fabrication Strategies -- 1.6.3 Biomedical Applications of 2D Nanomaterials -- 1.7 ID Nanomaterial Towards Biomedical Applications -- 1.7.1 Fabrication Strategies -- 1.7.2 Micromechanical Characterization -- 1.7.3 Applications Toward Biomedical Field -- 1.8 Conclusion -- References -- 2. Porous Biomaterials -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Porosity and Pore Architecture of Biomaterial Scaffolds -- 2.3 Methods to Measure Porosity and Pore Size -- 2.4 Porosity Generation Techniques -- 2.4.1 Solvent Casting/particle Leaching -- 2.4.2 Phase Separation -- 2.4.3 Freeze Drying -- 2.4.4 Electrospinning -- 2.4.5 Gas-based Techniques -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3. Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymeric Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Experimental Approach -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.4 Concluding Remarks/Future Directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix 1. List of Acronyms used Throughout the Proposal -- 4. Calcium Phosphates and Nanocrystalline Apatites for Medical Applications -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Chemistry of Calcium Phosphates -- 4.3 Nanocrystalline Calcium Phosphates -- 4.4 Properties of Calcium Orthophosphates -- 4.4.1 Mechanical Properties -- 4.4.2 Electrical Properties -- 4.4.3 Porosity -- 4.4.4 Biological Properties -- 4.5 Biomedical Applications of Calcium Phosphates -- 4.5.1 Bone Cements -- 4.5.2 Carrier and Delivery Systems -- 4.5.3 Coatings -- 4.5.4 Scaffolds -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5. SiO2 Particles with Functional Nanocrystals: Design and Fabrication for Biomedical Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Nanocrystals -- 5.1.2 NCs Encapsulated in SiO2 Particles -- 5.1.3 Bioapplications of SiO2 Particles with Colloidal NCs -- 5.1.4 Scope -- 5.2 Fabrication Methods of SiO2 Particles with NCs -- 5.2.1 SiO2 Particles with Luminescent NCs -- 5.2.2 SiO2 Particles with Magnetic NCs -- 5.2.3 SiO2 Particles with Noble Metallic NCs -- 5.2.4 SiO2 Particles with Multifunctional NCs -- 5.3 Main Research Results for SiO2 Particles with NCs -- 5.3.1 SiO2 Particles with Luminescent QDs -- 5.3.2 SiO2 Particles with Magnetic NCs -- 5.3.3 SiO2 Particles with Noble Metallic NCs -- 5.3.4 SiO2 Particles with Mutifunational NCs -- 5.4 Multifunctional SiO2 Particles for Biomedical Applications -- 5.4.1 Surface Modification and Conjugation of Luminescent SiO2 Particles -- 5.4.2 Magnetic SiO2 Particles for Highly Efficient Adsorption of Drugs -- 5.4.3 Plasmonic SiO2 Particles as Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering -- 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6. New Kind of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Dental Cast Titanium Alloys -- 6.3 Low Modulus Titanium Alloys -- 6.4 Nickel Free Shape Memory Titanium Alloys -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7. BMP-based Bone Tissue Engineering -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Challenges in Protein Therapy -- 7.3 BMP Delivery Requirements.

7.4 BMP-specific Carrier Types and Materials -- 7.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8. Impedance Sensing of Biological Processes in Mammalian Cells -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Cell Attachment and Spreading Processes -- 8.3 Cell Motility -- 8.4 Apoptosis -- 8.5 Mitosis -- 8.6 Single Cell Analysis -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9. Hydrogel Microbeads for Implantable Glucose Sensors -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fabrication Methods of Hydrogel Microbeads -- 9.2.1 Micromolding -- 9.2.2 Lithography -- 9.2.3 Droplet-based Microbeads Synthesis Using Microfluidic Devices -- 9.3 Fluorescence-based Glucose Monitoring -- 9.3.1 Glucose-binding Proteins -- 9.3.2 Boronic Acid -- 9.4 Biocompatibility -- 9.4.1 Inflammation -- 9.4.2 Enhancement of Biocompatibility -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- 10. Molecular Design of Multifunctional Polymers for Gene Transfection -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Barriers to Non-viral Gene Delivery -- 10.3 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors for Efficient Gene Delivery -- 10.3.1 Serum-stable Polymer Vectors -- 10.3.2 Polymer Vectors for Targeted Gene Delivery -- 10.3.3 Polymer Vectors for Efficient Cellular Uptake -- 10.3.4 Polymer Vectors for Endosomal Escape -- 10.3.5 Polymer Vectors for Nuclear Targeting -- 10.3.6 Polymer Vectors for Vector Unpacking -- 10.4 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors with Low Cytotoxicity -- 10.4.1 Low-toxic Polymer Vectors via Chemical Modification -- 10.4.2 Hydrolysable Polymer Vectors -- 10.4.3 Bioreducible Polymer Vectors -- 10.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix: List of Abbreviations -- References -- 11. Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels as Biomaterials -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Different Types of Hydrogels -- 11.2 Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels -- 11.3 Clinical Applications of Hydrogels -- 11.4 Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.

11.4.1 Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylic) acid (p-HEMA) -- 11.4.2 Polyacrylamide Hydrogels -- 11.4.3 Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels -- 11.4.4 Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels -- 11.4.5 Collagen and Gelatin -- 11.4.6 Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels -- 11.4.7 Chitosan Hydrogels -- 11.4.8 Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Based Injectable Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12. Metal-polymer Hybrid Biomaterials with High Mechanical and Biological Compatibilities -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Fabrication Methods of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer -- 12.3 Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer -- 12.4 Biological Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer -- 12.5 Summary -- References -- Index.