FORENSIC BIOMECHANICS -- Contents -- Series Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Basic principles of biomechanics -- 2.1 Forces and motion -- Newton's laws -- Energy -- Momentum -- 2.2 Stress and strain -- Poisson's ratio -- 2.3 Basics of biomechanical behaviour -- Material behaviour during bending -- 2.4 Biomaterials and viscoelasticity -- 2.5 Acceleration and impact -- 2.6 Fracture behaviour -- Classification according to fracture process (Fig. 2.14) -- Classification according to material properties -- 2.7 Ballistic biomechanics -- References -- 3 Biomechanics of bone and bony trauma -- 3.1 Composition of bone -- 3.2 Types of bone -- 3.3 Biomechanical properties of bone -- 3.4 Compressive and tensile fracture patterns -- 3.5 Blunt and sharp force trauma -- 3.6 Ballistic trauma -- 3.7 Living versus postmortem fracture -- 3.8 Bone fracture in infants -- References -- 4 Biomechanics of skin and soft tissue trauma -- 4.1 Structure of skin -- 4.2 Mechanical properties of skin -- 4.3 Effect of age -- 4.4 Wounding -- 4.5 Sharp force trauma -- 4.6 Blunt force trauma -- 4.7 Ballistic trauma -- 4.8 Bitemarks -- References -- 5 The mechanics of bloodstain pattern formation -- 5.1 Introduction to bloodstain pattern analysis -- Basics of fluid mechanics -- 5.2 Forces acting on fluids -- Gravity -- Arterial pressure -- Surface tension -- Viscosity -- Drag -- 5.3 Dimensionless numbers -- Reynolds number -- Weber number -- 5.4 Fluid properties of blood -- 5.5 The creation of droplets -- Energy required for atomisation -- Fundamental processes of atomisation -- Waves -- Viscous shear/jet breakup -- Sheet breakup -- Bag breakup -- Atomisation processes in some bloodspatter patterns -- Arterial spurt -- Impact spatter -- Gunshot spatter -- Expirated blood -- 5.6 Droplet flight -- 5.7 Droplet impact: bloodstain formation -- Spreading.

Splashing -- Droplet impact on wet surfaces -- Droplet impact on angled surfaces -- References -- 6 Fibres and textiles -- 6.1 Introduction -- Fibres -- Yarns -- Fabrics -- Dyeing and finishing treatments -- 6.2 Fabric layers -- 6.3 Fabric degradation -- 6.4 Ballistic impacts -- 6.5 Sharp impacts -- Stabs -- Slash cuts -- Cutting -- 6.6 Blunt impacts -- 6.7 Tearing -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.