Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- I. Bacterial Infections -- 1. Impact Of Genome Plasticity On Adaption Of -- REDUCTIVE EVOLUTION OF E. COLI: ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AS AN EXAMPLE OF BACTERIAL ADAPTATION TO PROLONGED IN VIVO GROWTH IN THE URINARY TRACT -- IMPACT OF GENOMIC CHANGES ON BACTERIUM-HOST INTERACTION AND FITNESS -- INTRAVESICLE GROWTH AFFECTS THE MOTILITY OF E. COLI -- INTRAVESICLE GROWTH AFFECTS BACTERIAL GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND METABOLISM OF E. COLI -- ANALYSIS OF HOST FACTORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ADAPTATION OF E. COLI -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2. Genotypic Changes In Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli During Human Infection -- EHEC: OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PATHOGENESIS -- GENOMES OF EHEC -- IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC CHANGES DURING EHEC INFECTIONS -- INTERSEROTYPE DIFFERENCES IN CONVERSION OF EHEC TO EHEC-LST -- CONSEQUENCES OF IN VIVO GENETIC CHANGES IN EHEC -- DOES stx LOSS MITIGATE CLINICAL OUTCOME? -- EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS AND ADAPTATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCE -- 3. Genomic Fluidity Of The Human Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori -- THE HELICOBACTER GENOMES -- GENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING GENOME DIVERSITY IN H. PYLORI -- GENOMIC ISLANDS OF H. PYLORI -- FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE OF THE PLASTIC GENOMES OF H. PYLORI -- GENOMIC FLUIDITY OF H. PYLORI: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS -- PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- 4. Genome Structure And Variability in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci -- FITNESS AND VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF CoNS -- THE oriC ENVIRON OF CoNS GENOMES: A HOT SPOT FOR GENOME REARRANGEMENTS -- CoNS HAVE AN UNBALANCED GENOME STRUCTURE -- CoNS GENOMES AND MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS -- EXTENSIVE HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER AMONG CoNS AND MECHANISMS OF ITS LIMITATION.

BIOFILM FORMATION ON MEDICAL DEVICES AND EVASION OF HOST DEFENSES BY CoNS -- PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC INSTABILITY OF CoNS -- CLINICAL IMPACT OF CoNS HETEROGENEOUS GENE EXPRESSION AND GENOME VARIABILITY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5. Genome Plasticity In Legionella pneumophila And Legionella longbeachae: Impact On Host Cell Exploitation -- GENERAL FEATURES OF THE L. PNEUMOPHILA AND L. LONGBEACHAE GENOMES -- HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION: SPECIFICITIES AND COMMON FEATURES OF L. PNEUMOPHILA AND L. LONGBEACHAE -- EVOLUTION OF EUKARYOTIC EFFECTORS: ACQUISITION BY HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6. Genome Plasticity In Salmonella enterica And Its Relevance To Host-Pathogen Interactions -- GENETIC MECHANISMS LEADING TO PLASTICITY AND HOST ADAPTATION IN SALMONELLA -- GENOME ORGANIZATION IN SALMONELLA -- SALMONELLA SEROVARS AND HOST ADAPTATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7. Mechanisms Of Genome Plasticity In Neisseria meningitidis: Fighting Change With Change -- GENETIC VARIABILITY AT THE POPULATION LEVEL -- GENOME PLASTICITY IN THE PREGENOMIC ERA -- THE SEQUENCED GENOMES OF N. MENINGITIDIS: AN OVERVIEW -- GENERATION OF GENOME VARIABILITY IN N. MENINGITIDIS -- GENETIC BASIS OF VIRULENCE IN N. MENINGITIDIS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8. Selfish Elements And Self-Defense In The Enterococci -- EVIDENCE OF GENOME PLASTICITY -- RELATIONSHIP OF GENOME PLASTICITY TO VIRULENCE -- GENOME DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN THE ENTEROCOCCI -- CRISPR -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- II. Viral Infections -- 9. Host-Driven Plasticity Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Genome -- GENOMIC STRUCTURE AND LIFE CYCLE OF HIV -- MECHANISMS OF GENOMIC VARIATION -- ORIGIN OF HIV -- GLOBAL VARIABILITY -- EVOLUTION IN THE SINGLE INDIVIDUAL -- FORCES DRIVING HIV EVOLUTION.

EVOLUTION OF HIV WITHIN THE HUMAN POPULATION -- ESCAPE FROM ANTIVIRAL DRUGS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10. Genome Plasticity Of Influenza Viruses -- VIRAL FACTORS -- HOST FACTORS -- PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- 11. Plasticity Of The Hepatitis C Virus Genome -- GENETIC DIVERSITY OF HCV: GENOTYPES AND SUBTYPES -- ORGANIZATION OF THE HCV GENOME AND REPLICATION -- MODEL SYSTEMS FOR HCV REPLICATION -- THE QUASISPECIES NATURE OF HCV -- THE TRANSMISSION EVENT -- SEQUENCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HCV ISOLATES OF THE SAME SUBTYPE -- LIMITATIONS TO HCV EVOLUTION: NEGATIVE SELECTION PRESSURE -- REFERENCES -- 12. Genome Diversity And Host Interaction Of Noroviruses -- GENETIC DIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF NOROVIRUSES -- RECOMBINATION -- PREVALENCE OF NV GENOTYPE GII.4 VARIANTS -- NOROVIRUS-HOST INTERACTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- 13. Genome Diversity And Evolution Of Rotaviruses -- GENOME, GENE PROTEIN ASSIGNMENTS, AND VIRUS PARTICLE STRUCTURE -- REPLICATION -- REVERSE GENETICS -- CLASSIFICATION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RVS -- GENETIC MECHANISMS OF RV EVOLUTION -- FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF RV EVOLUTION ENABLED BY WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING -- GROUP A RVs -- NON-GROUP A RVs -- RV VACCINATION AND GENOTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF WILD-TYPE RVs -- REFERENCES -- 14. Genome Plasticity Of Papillomaviruses -- GENETIC FEATURES OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES -- TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND PATHOGENICITY OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES -- GENOMIC STABILITY OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES IN LABORATORY SETTINGS -- DIVERSIFICATION OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES IN HUMANS SINCE THE EMERGENCE OF HOMO SAPIENS -- ANCIENT DIVERSITY OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES IN HUMANS -- THE TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES IS SHAPED BY LINKED EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS WITH THE HOST SPECIES -- OVERALL STABILITY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS GENOMES -- MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS EMERGING FROM THE LOW PLASTICITY OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS GENOMES.

REFERENCES -- 15. Genome Plasticity Of Herpesviruses: Conservative Yet Flexible -- AN INTRODUCTION TO HERPESVIRUSES AND THEIR LIFESTYLE -- PRODUCTIVE VERSUS LATENT HERPESVIRUS INFECTION -- GENETIC FEATURES CONTRIBUTING TO THE PLASTICITY OF HERPESVIRUS GENOMES -- IMPLICATIONS OF HERPESVIRUS PLASTICITY FOR CURRENT RESEARCH -- HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION UPON COINFECTION -- INTRASPECIES CONSERVATION VERSUS VARIATION OF HERPESVIRUS GENOMES -- ADAPTIVE MUTATIONS IN HERPESVIRUSES AND MAINTENANCE OF VIRAL FITNESS IN VIVO -- REFERENCES -- III. Parasitic And Fungal Infections -- 16. Genome Diversity, Population Genetics, And Evolution Of Malaria Parasites -- MALARIA AND MALARIA PARASITES -- MALARIA GENOMES -- THE HIGHLY DIVERSE GENOME OF THE P. FALCIPARUM PARASITE -- HIGH RECOMBINATION RATE AND GENOME DIVERSITY -- GENOTYPING AND MEASUREMENT OF GENOME DIVERSITY -- GENOME DIVERSITY AND ESTIMATES OF THE AGE AND CLONALITY OF P. FALCIPARUM -- GENOME DIVERSITY AND P. FALCIPARUM POPULATION STRUCTURE -- GENETIC MAPPING -- GENOME DIVERSITY, VACCINE DEVELOPMENT, AND DRUG RESISTANCE -- GENOME DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF P. VIVAX -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 17. The Fundamental Contribution Of Genome Hypervariability To The Success Of A Eukaryotic Pathogen, Trypanosoma brucei -- WHAT IS ANTIGENIC VARIATION? -- CONTRIBUTION OF THE GENOME TO ANTIGENIC VARIATION -- VSG Switching -- VSG EVOLUTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 18. Genome Plasticity In Candida albicans -- PLOIDY LEVEL -- RETROTRANSPOSONS IN C. ALBICANS -- MATING AND RECOMBINATION -- CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISMS -- HETEROZYGOSITY AND LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY IN C. ALBICANS -- GENOME PLASTICITY AND LABORATORY STRAINS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 19. Genome Plasticity Of Aspergillus Species -- THE GENUS ASPERGILLUS -- COMPARISON OF ASPERGILLUS GENOMES.

SECONDARY METABOLITES IN A. FUMIGATUS -- TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS IN ASPERGILLI -- INTRAGENIC TANDEM REPEATS -- REFERENCES -- IV. Host Susceptibility -- 20. Dna Polymorphisms And Their Relevance For Infections With Human Cytomegalovirus And Aspergillus fumigatus -- SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS -- CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF A. FUMIGATUS -- SNPs ASSOCIATED WITH A. FUMIGATUS INFECTIONS -- CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF HCMV -- SNPs INFLUENCING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HCMV -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 21. Host Genetic Variation, Innate Immunity, And Susceptibility To Urinary Tract Infection -- HUMAN GENETICS AND UTI SUSCEPTIBILITY -- TLR4 AND ADAPTOR PROTEIN SIGNALING -- CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS AND UTI SUSCEPTIBILITY -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Index.