Contents -- Preface 11 -- Abbreviations 15 -- INTRODUCTION. Networks of Empire. The Foreign Leader Program in Global Perspective 21 -- Defining Public Diplomacy 25 -- Informal Empire 28 -- The Aims of the Program 33 -- The Challenge of Soviet Public Diplomacy 37 -- The Foreign Leader Program's Global Scale 39 -- Organisation of the Book 45 -- PART I. HISTORY AND APPARATUS -- CHAPTER 1. The History of US Government Exchanges 49 -- Laying the Foundations 49 -- Strategy: Psychological Warfare and the Focus on Elites 57 -- Smith-Mundt and the Campaign of Truth 65 -- CHAPTER 2. Implementing the Leader Program 75 -- The Administrative Apparatus 75 -- Public-Private Cooperation 88 -- Programming the Grantees 94 -- PART II. THE NETHERLANDS IN THE 1950S -- CHAPTER 3. The PvdA and the Transatlantic Anti-Communist Alliance 103 -- The Netherlands after WWII 103 -- The Partij van de Arbeid and the Atlanticist Turn 106 -- Mobilising Domestic Anti-Communism: Evert Vermeer 110 -- A Rising Star: J.M. den Uyl 114 -- Organising Government Propaganda: Joop Landré 119 -- The Threat of Bevanism: Hein Vos 129 -- A Dutch Cold Warrior: Frans Goedhart 133 -- CHAPTER 4. The Trade Unions ,Socio-Economic Policy and the American Model 145 -- The Trade Unions and the Marshall Plan 145 -- The Worldview of the Dutch Trade Unions 148 -- Searching for 'Spiritual Factors': Frans Fuykschot 153 -- Useful Allies: Reint Laan and Pieter Bogaers 157 -- Building Transatlantic Linkages with Dutch Technocrats 163 -- The Transfer of Industrial Skills and Methods 169 -- Engaging the Catholic Minority 177 -- The 1960s and the Shift to Managing Elites 181 -- CHAPTER 5. Spreading the Word: Culture and the Media 189 -- Targeting the Dutch Media 190 -- The NATO Leader Program: Cheap but Effective 193 -- Jointly Sponsored Journalists: Teaching the Method 199 -- Journalists as Foreign Leaders 200.

Securing the Realm of High Culture: Hendrik Reinink 207 -- Libraries: The Push to Mechanise and Standardise 218 -- Literary Transmitters: The FLP and Dutch Writers 222 -- PART III. THE NETHERLANDS IN THE 1960S -- CHAPTER 6. Coping with Irritations: The Early 1960s 235 -- Negative Effects: KLM Landing Rights and New Guinea 236 -- Pushing Educational Exchange 241 -- Swaying the Dutch Media 244 -- Going for the Impossible: The Dutch and the MLF 253 -- Free Trade: The Netherlands, the EEC, and Rotterdam 269 -- CHAPTER 7. Steering Bilateral Relations in the Vietnam Era 279 -- The US Embassy under Ambassador Tyler 1965-69 279 -- Commanding the 'Listening Post': William Tyler 280 -- A Good Team: The US Embassy in The Hague 1965-69 285 -- Connecting the New Generation: The Emphasis on Youth 287 -- The Issues: NATO and Vietnam 290 -- The Issues: Economics and the EEC 299 -- Backing a Political Ally: The VVD 305 -- The Arts: Putting the Dutch in the Picture 308 -- The New Politics: D 66 314 -- PART IV. FRANCE AND BRITAIN -- CHAPTER 8. The Foreign Leader Program in France 1950-70 327 -- Finding an Entrance into French Politics 332 -- A Big Impact: Higher Education and American Studies 336 -- Seducing the Media 345 -- Reaching the Third World through Paris 349 -- The 1960s and Gaullism 353 -- Conclusion 361 -- CHAPTER 9. The Foreign Leader Program in Britain 1950-70 365 -- The Labour Party and Its Allies in the Early 1950s 367 -- Coping with Anti-Americanism 376 -- 'Suez Must Not Repeat Itself': Maximising Exchanges 382 -- The 1960s: Modernisation, Youth, and Culture 393 -- Conclusion 401 -- CONCLUSION. The Problems of Evaluation 403 -- The Application of Social Science 404 -- Evaluating the Exchange Apparatus 410 -- A Question of Quality 412 -- The Leader Program in Western Europe 414 -- APPENDIX I. FLP Grantees from Britain 1950-70 425.

APPENDIX II. FLP Grantees from France 1950-70 445 -- APPENDIX III. FLP Grantees from the Netherlands 1950-70 473 -- APPENDIX IV. List of Interviews 483 -- APPENDIX V. Archives 485 -- Select Bibliography 487 -- Index 505.