Cover image for Three Prehistoric Inventions That Shaped Us.
Three Prehistoric Inventions That Shaped Us.
Title:
Three Prehistoric Inventions That Shaped Us.
Author:
Johnson, David Martel.
ISBN:
9781453901571
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (210 pages)
Contents:
Contents -- Preface: Towards a More Complete Scientific Picture of our Species and its History ix -- Acknowledgements xv -- Chapter 1. The Oldest Question: What Separates Human Beings from All  Other Creatures? 1 -- 1.1 Hummingbirds and Homo Sapiens 1 -- 1.2 Is there any such thing as human nature? 7 -- 1.3 Did a "Linguistic Rubicon" occur at a certain point in human history? 12 -- 1.4 The thesis of this book: The distinctiveness of present‐day humans (including separateness stemming from their use of language) is not just a passive product of biological and historical changes, but also was partly self‐created 16 -- Chapter 2. Darwin and his Successors have Not Taken Proper Account of Culturally Created Human Characteristics 21 -- 2.1 What modern humans are like: A tangled knot science only has begun to untie 21 -- 2.2 Why culture is real 33 -- 2.3 It is misleading to suppose that the existence of cultural items depends on conscious stipulations 38 -- Chapter 3. One Invention that pointed the way toward Present‐day Human Nature: The First Domestication of Animals 49 -- 3.1 Instead of beginning a review of our species' most important properties by talking about the complex and mysterious ability to speak, it is clarifying to focus first on the simpler, and earlier acquired, ability to tame and exploit some of our fellow creatures 49 -- 3.2 Two clues from early hominid history about the background of the nature we now possess: (A) The biological isolation of homo erectus, and (B) The "Pit of Bones" in Spain 55 -- 3.3 Entrapment vs. attraction: What was it necessary for the first domestic animals to be like, in order for them to "Tame Themselves"? 63 -- 3.4 What changes had to occur in humans' cultural life, before the domestication of animals could take place? 72.

Chapter 4. Something else that influenced us: Sophisticated Language conceived as Invented rather than completely Innate, Socio‐Cultural as well as Biological 77 -- 4.1 How did humans become able to speak? 77 -- 4.2 A preparatory comment: To say that certain humans invented language is not to claim (nor does it entail) that those same people also created everything language either includes or presupposes 81 -- 4.3 A Semi‐digression: Talking does not have to be associated with counting 82 -- 4.4 A key for distinguishing speech from codes (and thus also from the communication systems employed by many non‐human animals) is to remember that the most important function of language is to enable subjects to think in new ways 95 -- 4.5 Was Helen Keller right to believe she suddenly had been transformed from an animal into a human? 110 -- 4.6 Our ancestors may have learned their first expandable word-and thereby also acquired their first full language-by means of a shared memory that became fixed in their minds through something like a divine revelation 113 -- Chapter 5. A Third, Even Earlier Invention that shaped Our Nature: Religious or Objective Consciousness 125 -- 5.1 The reason religious thinking became universal for the members of our species was that it was a mode of thought that helped us see and understand things as they actually were 125 -- 5.2 The extinction of the Neanderthals, and other trophy wars 133 -- 5.3 Superstitions are unconsciously formed reactions to patterns of experience that are based on unexamined wishes and fears -- but religious consciousness is thinking of a more dispassionate sort, which can provide a rational basis for hope 144.

5.4 Which is more natural and informative: (A) To think about sophisticated human language in terms of recursion and discrete infinity, or (B) To think about such language in terms of psychic distance? 151 -- Chapter 6. Human Nature conceived as a Lately Discovered, Causally Powerful (but Perilous) Ecological Opportunity 157 -- 6.1 Darwin compared with Columbus 157 -- 6.2 The ecological concept of Niches is more explanatory than the genealogical notion of species 161 -- 6.3 Considered together, the three cultural inventions discussed in this book add up to our ancestors' discovery of an unoccupied Niche, physically present in the natural world 168 -- 6.4 Historically accumulated layers of human nature, and the contrast between good and bad ways of combining those layers 172 -- Bibliography 177 -- Name Index 183 -- Subject Index 189.
Abstract:
Both Darwin and neo-Darwinist theorists like Stephen Jay Gould were wrong to suppose that human nature and the human mind arose out of biological and historical sources alone. Three Prehistoric Inventions That Shaped Us argues that humans are very different from other animals in certain respects and, because of those respects, some of the most important sources of the particular sort of human nature we possess at the present moment, and of the special types of thinking in which we now are able to engage, were cultural ones. To be more specific, it shows that our present-day human nature was shaped in fundamental ways by at least three intellectual inventions that some of our prehistoric ancestors made - namely, the inventions of religious consciousness, of domestication of animals, and of syntactically organized language.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Electronic Access:
Click to View
Holds: Copies: