Front Cover -- Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- How to Use this Book -- Introduction -- Biomaterials Science: An Evolving, Multidisciplinary Endeavor -- BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE -- KEY DEFINITIONS -- THE EVOLUTION OF THE BIOMATERIALS FIELD -- EXAMPLES OF TODAY'S BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE -- SUBJECTS INTEGRAL TO BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE -- BIOMATERIALS LITERATURE -- BIOMATERIALS SOCIETIES -- SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- A HISTORY OF BIOMATERIALS -- BIOMATERIALS BEFORE WORLD WAR II -- WORLD WAR II TO THE MODERN ERA: THE SURGEON/PHYSICIAN HERO -- DESIGNED BIOMATERIALS -- THE CONTEMPORARY ERA (MODERN BIOLOGY AND MODERN MATERIALS) -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- PART I - Materials Science and Engineering -- SECTION I.1 - Properties of Materials -- CHAPTER I.1.1 INTRODUCTION: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS: THE PALETTE OF THE BIOMATERIALS ENGINEER -- CHAPTER I.1.2 THE NATURE OF MATTER AND MATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- ATOMS AND MOLECULES -- MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES -- SURFACES -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER I.1.3 BULK PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- LOAD, NOMINAL STRESS, EXTENSION, AND NOMINAL STRAIN -- TRUE STRESS AND TRUE STRAIN -- SHEAR STRESS AND SHEAR STRAIN -- BULK MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DETERMINED FROM STRESS-STRAIN PLOTS -- OTHER BULK PROPERTIES -- WORKED EXAMPLE -- CHAPTER I.1.4 FINITE ELEMENTANALYSIS IN BIOMECHANICS -- INTRODUCTION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- OVERVIEW OF THE FINITE ELEMENTMETHOD -- BIOMECHANICS EXAMPLES -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER I.1.5 SURFACE PROPERTIES AND SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- SURFACE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES: PRINCIPLES AND METHODS -- STUDIES WITH SURFACE METHODS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.1.6 ROLE OF WATERIN BIOMATERIALS.

WATER: THE SPECIAL MOLECULE -- WATER: STRUCTURE -- WATER: SIGNIFICANCE FOR BIOMATERIALS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- SECTION I.2 - Classes of Materials Used in Medicine -- Chapter I.2.2 Polymers: Basic Principles -- INTRODUCTION -- THE POLYMER MOLECULE -- MOLECULAR WEIGHT -- CONNECTING PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR WITH CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- POLYMER SYNTHESIS -- CASE STUDIES -- THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- A. Polyurethanes -- INTRODUCTION -- ANATOMY OF A POLYURETHANE MOLECULE -- THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANES -- POLYURETHANE SYNTHESIS -- B. Silicones -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- C. FLUORINATED BIOMATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- INTERESTING FLUOROPOLYMER CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DERIVED FROM THEIR POLYMER CHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE, AND BONDING -- DISTINGUISHING THE DIFFERENT FLUOROPOLYMERS -- BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS -- SUMMARY -- GLOSSARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- D. Acrylics -- INTRODUCTION -- MONO- AND MULTI-METHACRYLATE MONOMERS -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.3 METALS: BASIC PRINCIPLES -- INTRODUCTION -- STEPS IN THE FABRICATION OF METALLIC BIOMATERIALS -- MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF IMPLANT METALS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- A. Titanium and Nitinol (NiTi) -- FABRICATION -- CORROSION RESISTANCE -- BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND SURFACE MODIFICATION -- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- NITI ALLOY -- SURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF NITI -- APPLICATIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- B. Stainless Steels -- INTRODUCTION -- METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- CORROSION BEHAVIOR -- SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- TYPES OF BIOCERAMICS: TISSUE ATTACHMENT -- CHARACTERISTICS AND PROCESSING OF BIOCERAMICS -- NEARLY INERT CRYSTALLINE CERAMICS -- POROUS CERAMICS -- BIOACTIVE GLASSES AND GLASS-CERAMICS.

BIOACTIVITY REACTION STAGES -- CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMICS -- CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COATINGS -- CALCIUM PHOSPHATE IMPLANTS: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND POROSITY -- RESORBABLE CALCIUM PHOSPHATES -- CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BONE CEMENTS -- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF HA -- REFERENCES -- A. NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES -- INTRODUCTION -- APPLICATIONS OF HAP CERAMICS -- SYNTHESIS OF HAP CERAMICS -- STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF HAP CERAMICS -- STABILITY, BIOCOMPATIBILITY, AND OSTEOINTEGRATION OF HAP CERAMICS -- REFERENCES -- B. Alumina -- INTRODUCTION -- PRODUCTION OF ALUMINA -- STRUCTURE OF ALUMINA -- PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA -- ALUMINA AS A BIOMATERIAL -- ALUMINA IN JOINT REPLACEMENTS -- ALUMINA IN BONE SPACERS -- ALUMINA IN DENTAL APPLICATIONS -- OTHER APPLICATIONS OF ALUMINA -- ALUMINA MATRIX COMPOSITES -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.5 HYDROGELS -- INTRODUCTION -- CLASSIFICATION AND BASIC STRUCTURES OF HYDROGELS -- SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGELS -- SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF HYDROGELS -- DETERMINATION OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS -- BIOMEDICAL HYDROGELS -- "SMART" OR "INTELLIGENT," STIMULI-RESPONSIVE HYDROGELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS -- BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGELS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.6 DEGRADABLE AND RESORBABLE BIOMATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITIONS RELATING TO THE PROCESSES OF DEGRADATION VERSUS BIODEGRADATION, AND EROSION VERSUS BIOEROSION -- OVERVIEW OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE DEGRADABLE POLYMERS -- APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHETIC, DEGRADABLE POLYMERS AS BIOMATERIALS -- GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.7 ENGINEERED NATURAL MATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION TO COMMONLY USED NATURAL MATERIALS -- HA IN MEDICINE: THE OLD AND THE NEW -- RECREATING THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX -- MEETING THE TRANSLATIONAL CHALLENGE -- GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS -- DISCLOSURE STATEMENT -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.8 PYROLYTIC CARBON FOR LONG-TERM MEDICAL IMPLANTS.

INTRODUCTION -- ELEMENTAL CARBON -- PYROLYTIC CARBON (PYC) -- STEPS IN THE FABRICATION OF PYROLYTIC CARBON COMPONENTS -- BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF PYROLYTIC CARBON -- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.9 COMPOSITES -- INTRODUCTION -- REINFORCING SYSTEMS -- MATRIX SYSTEMS -- FABRICATION OF COMPOSITES -- ABSORBABLE MATRIX COMPOSITES -- NON-ABSORBABLE MATRIX COMPOSITES -- SUMMARY -- APPENDIX 1: MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES -- CONTINUOUS FIBER COMPOSITES -- SHORT-FIBER COMPOSITES -- PARTICULATE COMPOSITES -- GLOSSARY OF TERMS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.10 NON-FOULING SURFACES -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INTRODUCTION -- SMART POLYMERS IN SOLUTION -- SMART POLYMER-PROTEIN BIOCONJUGATES IN SOLUTION -- SMART POLYMERS AND THEIR BIOMOLECULE CONJUGATES ON SURFACES -- SITE-SPECIFIC SMART POLYMER BIOCONJUGATES -- SMART POLYMER HYDROGELS -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES -- METHODS FOR MODIFYING THE SURFACES OF MATERIALS -- LAYER-BY-LAYER DEPOSITION AND MULTILAYER POLYELECTROLYTE DEPOSITION -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.13 SURFACE PATTERNING -- INTRODUCTION -- COMMON CONCERNS IN BIOMOLECULAR SURFACE PATTERNING -- PATTERNING TECHNIQUES -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.14 MEDICAL FIBERS AND BIOTEXTILES -- FIBER FORMING POLYMERS -- MEDICAL FIBERS -- TEXTILE STRUCTURES -- FINISHING -- BIOTEXTILE PRODUCTS -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER I.2.15 TEXTURED AND POROUS MATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- STIMULATING TISSUE INGROWTH -- DISRUPTING FIBROSIS -- PROMOTING ANGIOGENESIS -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.16 ELECTROSPINNING FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS -- MOTIVATION FOR USING ELECTROSPUN MEMBRANES -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- CHARACTERIZATION METHODS.

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS FOR ELECTROSPUN MATERIALS -- SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.17 SURFACE-IMMOBILIZED BIOMOLECULES -- INTRODUCTION -- PATTERNED SURFACE COMPOSITIONS -- IMMOBILIZED BIOMOLECULES AND THEIR USES -- IMMOBILIZED CELL LIGANDS AND CELLS -- IMMOBILIZATION METHODS -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.18 BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS? -- A CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS -- THE ORIGINS OF BIOMIMICRY -- SOME ATTRACTIONS OF BIOMIMICRY -- LIMITATIONS OF BIOMIMICRY -- THE FUTURE OF BIOMIMICRY IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- WORKED EXAMPLE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER I.2.19 MICROPARTICLES AND NANOPARTICLES -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROPARTICLES -- MICROPARTICLE PREPARATION -- SUBMICRON-SIZED PARTICLES -- NANOPARTICLES -- MATERIALS USED FOR NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS -- NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION -- SURFACE MODIFICATION OF MICRO/NANOPARTICLES -- CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO/NANOPARTICLES -- APPLICATIONS OF MICRO/NANOPARTICLES -- CHALLENGES FACING NANOPARTICLES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- PART II - Biology and Medicine -- SECTION II.1 - Some Background Concepts -- CHAPTER II.1.1 INTRODUCTION:BIOLOGYAND MEDICINE - KEYCONCEPTS IN THE USE OFBIOMATERIALS IN SURGERYAND MEDICAL DEVICES -- CHAPTER II.1.2 ADSORBED PROTEINS ON BIOMATERIALS -- INTRODUCTION -- EXAMPLES OF THE EFFECTS OF ADHESION PROTEINS ON CELLULAR INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS -- THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF PROTEINS AT SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES -- MOLECULAR SPREADING EVENTS: CONFORMATIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ADSORBED PROTEINS -- THE IMPORTANCE OF ADSORBED PROTEINS IN BIOMATERIALS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER II.1.3 CELLS AND SURFACES IN VITRO -- INTRODUCTION -- A BASIC OVERVIEW OF CELL CULTURE -- UNDERSTANDING CELL-SUBSTRATE INTERACTIONS -- CELL RESPONSE TO SUBSTRATE CHEMISTRY -- CELL RESPONSE TO SUBSTRATE TOPOGRAPHY.

CELL RESPONSE TO SUBSTRATE ELASTICITY.