Electric System Operations: Evolving to the Modern Grid -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to Utilities -- 1.2 Explain the Electric Utility -- 1.2.1 Generation -- 1.2.2 Transmission -- 1.2.3 Subtransmission -- 1.2.4 Distribution -- 1.2.5 Customer -- 1.3 Electric Utilities: A U.S. Historical Perspective -- 1.3.1 First Came PUHCA -- 1.3.2 Along Came Deregulation: -- 1.3.3 Then Came Smart grid -- 1.3.4 A Global Outlook -- 1.4 Utilities and Regulation -- Endnotes -- 2 Define System Operations -- 2.1 System Operations -- 2.2 Key Drivers for Systems Operations -- 2.2.1 Impact of Drivers on Distribution -- 2.2.2 Impact of Drivers on Transmission -- 2.3 What Changes from Transmission to Distribution System Operations? -- 2.4 Distribution System Operations: An Introduction -- 2.5 Key Challenges Facing System Operations -- Endnotes -- 3 Introduction to Power Systems -- 3.1 Basic Electric Components -- 3.1.1 Capacitors and Reactors -- 3.1.2 Transformers -- 3.1.3 Switches -- 3.1.4 Relays and Protection Equipment -- 3.1.5 Kilovolt Classes or Common Voltage Levels -- 3.1.6 Busbars -- 3.1.7 Substations -- 3.2 Key Power System Physical Concepts Explained -- 3.2.1 The Basics: Voltage and Current -- 3.2.2 Ohm's Law -- 3.2.3 Kirchhoff's Law -- 3.2.3 DC Versus AC -- 3.2.4 Complex Power Representation -- 3.2.5 Power Factor -- 3.2.6 Three-Phase Versus Single Phase -- 3.2.7 Phasors -- 3.2.8 Superconductivity in Transmission Lines and Transformers -- 3.3 Key Business Concepts Explained -- 3.3.1 Utility Interconnected System -- 3.3.2 Control Area or Balancing Authority Areas -- 3.3.3 Renewable Energy Zones -- Endnotes -- 4 Impact of Deregulation on SystemOperations -- 4.1 A Brief Look at the History of Deregulation in the United States -- 4.2 The New Participants and Their Activities.

4.2.1 Summary Description of the Participants and How They Interact -- 4.3 Architectural Discussion -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Endnotes -- 5 Impact of Smart/Modern Grid on SystemOperations -- 5.1 Smart Grid Changes That Impact System Operations -- 5.2 Community Changes Impacting System Operations -- 5.2.1 Proliferation of Distributed Generation, Renewable, and Community-Level Storage -- 5.2.2 Advent of Electric Transportation -- 5.2.3 Introduction of Microgrids -- 5.2.4 Introduction of Smart Appliances -- 5.3 So What Does This All Mean To the System Operator? -- 5.4 Impact of Smart Grid on New Systems -- 5.4.1 Meter Data Management System -- 5.4.2 Outage Management System -- 5.4.3 Geographic Information System -- 5.4.4 Distribution Management System -- 5.4.5 Distributed Energy Management System -- Endnotes -- 6 Business of System Operations -- 6.1 Anatomy of a Utility -- 6.1.1 Generation Business -- 6.1.2 Customer -- 6.1.3 Transmission and Distribution -- 6.1.4 Anatomy of an RTO -- 6.2 T&D Operating Model -- 6.2.1 Asset Management -- 6.2.2 Asset Owner -- 6.2.3 Work and Resource Management -- 6.2.4 Field Execution -- 6.3 Architecting the Business of System Operations -- 6.3.1 Drivers -- 6.3.2 Strategy -- 6.3.3 People -- 6.3.4 Process -- 6.3.5 Technology -- 6.4 System Operations Processes -- 6.4.1 Monitor and Execute Real-Time Operations -- 6.4.2 Manage Planned Events -- 6.4.3 Manage Unplanned Events -- 6.4.4 Coordinate Emergency Response -- 6.4.5 Plan Daily Operations -- 6.4.6 Perform System Analysis -- 6.4.7 Report Operational Performance -- Endnotes -- 7 Control Center: The Hub of SystemOperations -- 7.1 Transmission Control Center Desks -- 7.1.1 Transmission Desk -- 7.1.2 Generation Desk -- 7.1.3 Scheduling Desk -- 7.1.4 Other Support Desks -- 7.2 Distribution Control Center Desks -- 7.2.1 Clearance Desk -- 7.2.2 Switching Desk.

7.2.3 Other Support Desks -- 7.3 Other Key Aspects of a Control Center -- 7.4 Introducing a High-Performing System Operator -- Endnotes -- 8 Energy Management Systems -- 8.1 How an EMS Supports the System Operator's Mandate -- 8.1.1 Transmission Operator -- 8.1.2 Generation Operator -- 8.1.3 RTO/ISO -- 8.1.4 RTO/Wholesale Market Participant -- 8.2 Key Components of an EMS -- 8.2.1 EMS Hardware -- 8.2.2 EMS Software -- 8.2.3 EMS Databases -- 8.2.4 EMS UI -- 8.3 EMS Application Suites -- 8.3.2 Network Apps -- 8.3.3 Generation Apps -- 8.3.4 Dispatching Training Simulator -- 8.3.5 WAMS -- 8.3.6 Modeling Apps -- Endnotes -- 9 Outage Management System -- 9.1 Types of Outages -- 9.1.1 Transmission Outages -- 9.1.2 Distribution Outages -- 9.2 Origins of the OMS -- 9.2.1 The Paper Age -- 9.2.2 The Move to an Outage Management System -- 9.3 Architecture of an OMS -- 9.4 The Business of Managing Outages -- 9.5 Impact of Smart Meter on the OMS -- 9.6 Future of OMS? -- End Notes -- 10 Distribution Management Systems -- 10.1 Introduction to the DMS -- 10.2 The Utility Context: Why is a DMS Needed? -- 10.3 DMS: An Architectural Description -- 10.4 How the DMS Supports the System Operator's Mandate -- 10.5 How the DMS Supports the Smart Grid -- 10.6 Key Component of a DMS -- 10.6.1 DMS Hardware -- 10.6.2 DMS Software -- 10.6.3 DMS Databases -- 10.6.4 DMS UI -- 10.7 DMS Application Suites -- 10.7.1 Core Applications -- 10.7.2 Distribution and Substation Automation Applications -- 10.7.3 Integrating Applications -- 10.8 DMS Models and Its Interface with GIS -- 10.9 The Future of DMS -- End Notes -- 11 Distributed Energy Management System -- 11.1 What Is Complicating This Situation? -- 11.2 Distributed Energy Management System -- 11.2.1 The Core Components of a DEMS -- 11.2.2 So What Makes DEMS a Necessary System? -- 11.3 Who Would Use This System?.

11.4 Service Models That Need to Be Considered -- 11.5 Challenges -- 11.6 Does DEMS Have a Future? -- End Notes -- 12 System Operator Training Simulators -- 12.1 Drivers Behind the Need for a System Operator Training Simulator? -- 12.2 What Are the Key Characteristics of a Good System Operator Training Simulator -- 12.3 Architecture of a System Operator Simulator -- 12.4 Key Challenges in Setting Up a System Operator Training Environment -- 12.4.1 Hardware/Software Environment -- 12.4.2 Training Environment -- 12.4.3 Database Models -- 12.5 Key Challenges in Setting Up a System Operator Training Program -- 12.6 Training Simulators as a Real-Time Simulation Platform -- 12.7 Training Simulators in the Future -- End Notes -- 13 Conclusions and What Is Coming Nexton the Horizon -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- About the Author -- Index.