Implementing Energy Subsidy Reforms : Evidence from Developing Countries.
Title:
Implementing Energy Subsidy Reforms : Evidence from Developing Countries.
Author:
Vagliasindi, Maria.
ISBN:
9780821395622
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (308 pages)
Series:
Directions in Development
Contents:
Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Introduction -- Sample Selection -- Country Taxonomy, by Macroeconomic and Sectoral Challenges -- Country Taxonomy, by Success in Energy Subsidy Reform -- Targeting Subsidy Performance -- Lessons from the Case Studies -- Structure of the Report -- Notes -- References -- Part 1 Group A Countries: Net Energy Importer and Low Income -- Macroeconomic and Social Challenges -- Fossil Fuel Dependence -- Income and Inequality Trends for Group A -- Fiscal Indicators for Group A -- Fossil Fuel Dependence for Group A -- Chapter 1 Armenia -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 1.1 Armenia Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Armenia -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Armenia -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Armenia -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Armenia -- References -- Chapter 2 Ghana -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 2.1 Ghana Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Ghana -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Ghana -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Ghana -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Ghana -- References -- Chapter 3 India -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 3.1 India Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in India -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in India -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in India -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in India -- References -- Chapter 4 Jordan -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts.
Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 4.1 Jordan Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Jordan -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Jordan -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Jordan -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Jordan -- References -- Chapter 5 Moldova -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 5.1 Moldova Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Moldova -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Moldova -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Moldova -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Moldova -- References -- Chapter 6 Morocco -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 6.1 Morocco Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Morocco -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Morocco -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Morocco -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Morocco -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7 Pakistan -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 7.1 Pakistan Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Pakistan -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Pakistan -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Pakistan -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Pakistan -- Note -- References -- Part 2 Group B Countries: Net Energy Importer and High Income -- Macroeconomic and Social Challenges -- Fossil Fuel Dependence -- Income and Inequality Trends for Group B -- Fiscal Indicators for Group B -- Fossil Fuel Dependence for Group B -- Chapter 8 Chile -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts.
Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 8.1 Chile Case Study Figures -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Chile -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Chile -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Chile -- References -- Chapter 9 The Dominican Republic -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 9.1 Dominican Republic Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in the Dominican Republic -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in the Dominican Republic -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in the Dominican Republic -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in the Dominican Republic -- References -- Chapter 10 Peru -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 10.1 Peru Case Study Figures -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Peru -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Peru -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Peru -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 11 Turkey -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 11.1 Turkey Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Turkey -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Turkey -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Turkey -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Turkey -- Notes -- References -- Part 3 Group C Countries: Net Energy Exporter and Low Income -- Macroeconomic and Social Challenges -- Fossil Fuel Dependence -- Income and Inequality Trends for Group C -- Fiscal Indicators for Group C -- Fossil Fuel Dependence for Group C -- Chapter 12 Azerbaijan -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures.
Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 12.1 Azerbaijan Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Azerbaijan -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Azerbaijan -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Azerbaijan -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Azerbaijan -- References -- Chapter 13 Arab Republic of Egypt -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 13.1 Egypt Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Egypt -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Egypt -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Egypt -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Egypt -- References -- Chapter 14 Indonesia -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 14.1 Indonesia Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Indonesia -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Indonesia -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Indonesia -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Indonesia -- References -- Chapter 15 Islamic Republic of Iran -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 15.1 Islamic Republic of Iran Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 16 Nigeria -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 16.1 Nigeria Case Study Figures.
Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Nigeria -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Nigeria -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Nigeria -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Nigeria -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 17 Republic of Yemen -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 17.1 Republic of Yemen Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in the Republic of Yemen -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in the Republic of Yemen -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in the Republic of Yemen -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in the Republic of Yemen -- Notes -- References -- Part 4 Group D Countries: Net Energy Exporter and High Income -- Macroeconomic and Social Challenges -- Fossil Fuel Dependence -- Income and Inequality Trends for Group D -- Fiscal Indicators for Group D -- Fossil Fuel Dependence for Group D -- Chapter 18 Argentina -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 18.1 Argentina Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Argentina -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Argentina -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Argentina -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Argentina -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 19 Malaysia -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms -- Reform Efforts -- Poverty Alleviation Measures -- Key Lessons Learned -- Annex 19.1 Malaysia Case Study Figures -- Fiscal Burden of Energy Subsidy in Malaysia -- Fuel Prices and Road Sector Consumption in Malaysia -- Electricity Price and Power Consumption in Malaysia -- Poverty Impact Evidence from Household Surveys in Malaysia -- References -- Chapter 20 Mexico -- Incentives to Energy Subsidy Reforms.
Reform Efforts.
Abstract:
Poorly implemented energy subsidies are economically costly to taxpayers and damage the environment. This report aims at providing the emerging lessons form a representative sample of case studies in 20 developing countries that could help policy makers to address implementation challenges, including overcoming political economy and affordability constraints. The sample has selected on the basis of a number of criteria, including the country's level of development (and consumption), developing country region, energy security and the fuel it subsidies (petroleum fuel, electricity, natural gas). The case studies were supported by data collection related to direct budgetary subsidies, fuel and electricity tariffs, and household survey data.The analysis provides strong evidence of the success of reforms in reducing the associated fiscal burden. For the sample of countries, the average energy subsidy recorded in the budget was reduced from 1.8% in 2004 to 1.3%GDP in 2010. The reduction of subsidies is particularly remarkable for net energy importers. Pass-through of international fuel prices was also notable in the case of electricity generated by fossil fuel. For the sample of countries, the average end-user electricity tariff increased by 50%, from USD 6 cents in 2002 to USD 9 cents per kWh in 2010.In spite of the relatively price inelastic demand for gasoline and diesel, fossil fuel consumption in the road sector (per unit of GDP) declined in the 20 countries examined from 53 (44) in 2002 to about 23 kt oil equivalent per million of GDP in 2008 in the case of gasoline (Diesel). The most notable decline in consumption was recorded in the low and lower middle income countries. This reflects the much higher rate of growth in GDP in this group of countries and underlines the opportunities to influence future consumption behavior rather than modifying
the existing consumption patterns, overcoming inertia and vested interests. Similar trends are recorded for power consumption.While there is no one-size-fits-all model for subsidy reform, implementation of compensatory social policies and an effective communication strategy, before the changes are introduced, reduces helped with the implementation of reforms.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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