Cover -- Title -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- What Is and Is Not There -- Assumed Background -- Of Gene and Fitness -- 1. Introduction -- Genetic Structure in Relation to Selection -- Plan of the Book -- 2. Selection and Drift -- Selection in Panmictic Populations -- Evolution in Spatially Structured Populations -- Selection and Local Drift -- Effective Size in Subdivided Populations -- Measuring Population Structure -- Genetic Identity -- Statistical Concepts of Equilibrium and Population -- Summary -- 3. Spatially Homogeneous Dispersal: The Island Model and Isolation by Distance -- Island Models -- Isolation by Distance -- Dispersal in Natural Populations -- The Lattice Models -- Differentiation under Isolation by Distance -- Summary -- Appendix 1: General Analysis of the Lattice Model -- Appendix 2: Miscellaneous Results -- Diversity in a Deme -- Average Diversity in a Population -- Differentiation under Low Dispersal -- 4. Interpretations of Inbreeding and Relatedness Coefficients in Subdivided Populations -- Probabilities of Coalescence in Migration Matrix Models -- Migration Matrix Models: Formulation -- Probabilities of Coalescence -- Interpretations of FST -- Coalescence before Dispersal -- Separation of Time Scales -- An Ancestral Reference Population? -- Differences between Distributions of Coalescence Times -- Properties of Inbreeding Coefficients -- Sensitivity to Mutation and to Past Demographic Events -- No Mutation -- Alternative Measures of Allelic Divergence -- 5. Evolutionary Dynamics -- Fitness in a Panmictic Population -- Example: Resource Competition -- Convergence Stability -- Evolutionary Stability -- Applicability of This Framework -- Fitness in a Subdivided Population -- Frequency Dependence in Subdivided Populations -- How to Measure Selection? -- Conclusion.

Appendix: The Prisoner's Dilemma Game -- Noniterated Game -- Iterated Game -- 6. Convergence Stability in a Spatially Homogeneous Population -- Weak Selection Effects on Probability of Fixation -- Fixation Probability as Allele Frequency Change -- Fitness Functions -- Fixation Probability: Direct Fitness Expansion -- Expression in Terms of Parameters of Population Structure -- Practical Computation of Convergence Stability -- Island Model -- Isolation by Distance -- Conclusions -- Direct Fitness Method -- Fitness Maximization -- 7. Inclusive Fitness, Cooperation, and Altruism -- What Inclusive Fitness Does Measure -- Inclusive and Direct Fitness -- Hamilton's Derivation of Inclusive Fitness -- Isolation by Distance -- Altruism in Spatially Subdivided Populations -- Cost, Benefit, and Relatedness -- Helping Neighbors -- Other Examples -- The Importance of Kin Competition -- Kin Recognition -- Implications for Modeling Approaches -- Inclusive Fitness Theory -- Other Frameworks -- Appendix: Helping Neighbors under Isolation by Distance -- 8. Diploidy (and Sex) -- Population Structure of Diploid Populations -- Analysis of Pollen and Seed Dispersal -- Joint Effects of Selfing and Selection on Population Structure -- Selection in Sexual Diploid Populations -- Parent and Offspring Control -- Dominance -- Highlights -- 9. Effective Size: Concepts and Applications to Stable Populations -- Defining Effective Size -- Application in Diffusion Approximations -- Computation of Effective Size of a Total Population -- Reproductive Value -- Deme Structure: The Strong Migration Limit -- Deme Structure: More Accurate Results -- Additional Factors -- Local Effective Size -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- Dispersal and Class Transitions -- Strong Migration Limit -- 10. Fluctuating Demography: Neutral Models -- Effective Size of an Isolated Deme.

Defining Effective Size -- An Example -- Structured Populations -- A Metapopulation Model -- Propagule Models -- Inferences -- 11. Selection in Class-Structured Populations -- Fitness Measures -- Stable Demography -- Fluctuating Demography -- Fitness as Eigenvalue -- Diffusion Approximations -- Inferences -- 12. Overview and Perspectives -- Statistical Analyses of Genetic Structure -- All Those Data -- Estimation Methods -- Robustness -- Estimation of Effective Size -- Some Easy Improvements -- Prospects for the Analysis of Selection -- Current State of Theory -- Avenues for Simplifications -- Conclusion -- Appendix: Algorithms for Likelihood Estimation -- Appendix A. Mathematical Appendix -- Notation -- Matrix Algebra -- Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors -- Diagonalizable Matrices -- Generating Functions -- Computation of Identity in State -- Mutation Models -- Identity in the Different Mutation Models -- References -- Index.