Caring for Children with Special Healthcare Needs and Their Families : A Handbook for Healthcare Professionals -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Common Physical or Sensory Disabilities -- Cerebral Palsy -- Diagnosis, etiology, and risk factors of CP -- Presenting signs and symptoms of CP -- Classification of CP -- Prognosis and complications -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Role of nursing -- Roles of occupational and physical therapy -- Roles of speech and language therapy -- Roles of social work and psychology -- Transition to adulthood -- Neural Tube Defects (Myelodysplasia/Spina Bifida) -- Etiology -- Presenting signs and symptoms -- Prognosis -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Roles of nursing -- Occupational and physical therapy -- Speech and language therapy -- Social work and psychology -- Transition to adulthood -- Muscular Dystrophy -- Etiologies of muscular dystrophy -- Presenting signs and symptoms -- Prognosis -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Roles of nursing -- Occupational and physical therapy -- Speech and language therapy -- Social work and psychology -- Traumatic Brain Injury -- Etiologies -- Presenting signs and symptoms -- Prognosis -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Roles of nursing -- Occupational and physical therapy -- Speech and language therapy -- Spinal Cord Injury -- Etiologies -- Prognosis -- Presenting signs and symptoms -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Roles of healthcare providers -- Occupational, physical, and speech therapies -- Social work and psychology -- Children with Deafness and Hearing Impairment -- Etiology of deafness -- Presenting signs and symptoms -- Prognosis -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Role of nursing.

Occupational and physical therapy -- Speech and language therapy -- Social work and psychology -- Children with Blindness and Visual Impairment -- Etiology -- Presenting signs and symptoms -- Prognosis -- Common pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies -- Role of nursing -- Occupational and physical therapy -- Speech and language therapy -- References -- Online Resources -- 3 Common Developmental/Learning Disabilities -- The Child with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder -- Definition and presenting signs and symptoms -- Etiology -- ADHD in preschoolers -- ADHD in school-aged children and adolescents -- Psychopharmacologic management of ADHD -- Psychotherapeutic/behavioral management of ADHD (NIMH, 2008) -- Application to nursing and multidisciplinary practice -- The Child with Intellectual Disability -- Definition and presenting signs and symptoms -- Prevalence of intellectual disability -- Etiology -- Diagnosis -- Down Syndrome as Exemplar of Intellectual Disability -- Application to clinical practice -- The Child with An Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Definition and presenting signs and symptoms -- Prevalence of ASDs -- Diagnosis -- Application to clinical practice -- MIA - A Child with Down Syndrome -- References -- 4 Caring for Children with Feeding and Communication Differences -- Overview of Early Feeding Skills -- Developmental feeding milestones: Gestational period through age 7 -- Overview of Early Communication Skills -- Developmental communication milestones infancy through age 7 -- Screening of Early Feeding and Communication Skills -- Impaired feeding skills -- Impaired communication skills -- Referral and Management: Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathology Professions -- References -- 5 Caring for Children with Mobility Differences -- What Is Mobility?.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) -- Participation and Functional Ability -- Assistive technology -- Gait analysis -- What Can Nurses do to Help Children with Disabilities? -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Caring for the Child with Special Social and Emotional Needs -- Introduction -- Structure of this Chapter -- Etiological Theories -- The Process of Child Assessment and Intervention -- The salience of rapport building to the process -- Systematic data gathering -- Analysis of data gathered -- Intervention -- The Interdisciplinary Team: A Critical Aspect of the Intervention -- Case Reviews of Select Disorders -- Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) -- Social phobia -- Anorexia nervosa -- Major depressive disorder -- Other Conditions -- Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder -- Substance abuse -- Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Legal and Regulatory Issues -- Introduction -- Children with Disabilities and the Law -- Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act -- No Child Left Behind Act -- Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 -- Ethical Issues in Caring for Children with Disabilties -- Laws Affecting the Education of Disabled Children and the Healthcare System -- Conclusion -- References -- Resources for Parents -- 8 Use of Theories to Guide Practice -- Individual Theories -- Physical growth and development -- Erikson's theory of psychosocial development -- Piaget's theory of cognitive development -- Family Theories -- Family life course perspective (developmental family theory) -- Systems theory -- Basic systems terminology -- Family ecological theory -- Terminology -- Resources -- Family assessment guidelines -- Family genograms and ecomaps -- References -- 9 Enhancing Quality of Life For Children with Special Healthcare Needs -- Quality of Life Defined.

Decreasing Pain -- Pain assessment -- Pain management in children with special needs -- Pain assessment and management specific to children with special needs -- Decreasing Fatigue -- Resources -- References -- 10 Impact on Family and Increasing Family Well-Being -- Family Well-Being -- Subjective Well-Being in Parents of Children with Disabilities -- Linking Family Well-Being to Child Well-Being -- Family Diversity and Well-Being -- Making a Difference: Family Interventions -- Culturally sensitive interventions -- Flexible interventions -- References -- 11 Public Health and School Health Nursing of Children with Special Healthcare Needs -- Community Health Nursing with Children with Special Health Needs -- Public Health and Children with Special Health Needs -- Public Health and Community Health Programs Serving this Special Needs Population -- Community Health Nursing Roles with Children with Special Health Needs -- Case Management with Children with Special Health Needs -- Evidence-Based Home Visiting Programs for Children with Special Health Needs -- The Child with Special Needs in the School Setting -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 End-of-Life Care for Children with Special Needs and Their Families -- Children's Understanding of Death -- Difficult Conversations About Death and Dying with Children and Their Families -- Providing Crisis Intervention for Families and Peers After a Child Dies -- Resources -- For parents -- For children -- For caregivers -- For parents -- For children and adolescents -- References -- 13 Assessment, and Development of an Interprofessional Plan of Care -- The Assessment Process -- Preparing for your visit with the family -- Practice tips: Finding reliable information on the Internet -- Cultural considerations and the use of interpreters.

Practice Tip: The following tips can be useful when working with an interpreter:(Lipson & Dibble, 2005 -- CaCoon Program Manual, 2012) -- Family engagement-Getting to know the family and child -- Practice Tip: Strategies to facilitate an effective relationship with families -- The assessment process -- Common issues in children with special needs -- Developing a Plan of Care -- Key components of a care plan -- Role of the care coordinator in developing and carrying out the plan of care -- Example of a problem and possible interventions -- Documentation and the use of electronic health records -- Practice tip: What to include in the EHR -- Documentation of care coordination activities -- A note about electronic health records (EHRS) -- Other Recommended Resources -- References -- Other Recommended Readings -- Index.