Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- About the Contributors -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Part One: Treating and Managing Sexual Offender Risk in Context: Legal and Ethical Concerns -- 1: Sexual Offenses, Law and Morals: Can Behavior and Attitudes Be Changed by Legal and Moral Efforts? -- Introduction -- Punitive Strategies in Sex Offending Cases -- Sexual Offenses: Statistics and Legal Aspects -- Thirteen Convicted Sex Offenders: Legal and Moral Understanding -- Legislation, Moral Signals and Behavior -- Attitude-Regulating Laws -- Why Do We Punish? -- The Need for Alternatives to Punitive Strategies -- Restorative Justice as a Challenge to the Traditional Understanding of Justice -- Future Directions -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 2: Human Rights and Sexual Offenders -- Introduction -- Rights and Risk -- Rights: the protection of dignity and the individual -- Risk: the protection of the community -- Applying Rights Protection to Dangerous Sex Offenders -- Sentencing and detention -- Human rights challenges: public protection sentencing in England and Wales -- Human rights challenges and preventative detention in Germany -- Community Protection -- Human rights challenges and the sex offender register in England and Wales -- Human rights challenges and disclosure -- Sex Offender Treatment: Pharmacotherapy -- Human rights challenges to pharmacotherapy -- Conclusion: Finding a Balance? -- Notes -- References -- 3: Sex Offenders, Consent to Treatment and the Politics of Risk -- Introduction -- Patients and Prisoners and Convergence between the Psychiatric and Penal Systems (England and Wales) -- Sex Offending and Mental Disorder -- Psychopathic disorder/personality disorder -- Learning disability -- Detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 -- "Civil" admission under Part II -- Hospital orders.

Hospital orders with restrictions -- Transfer from prison to psychiatric hospital -- Hybrid orders -- Consent to Treatment and Detained Patients -- Consent to treatment under Part IV of the Mental Health Act 1983 -- Surgical implantation of sexual suppressants -- Medicines for mental disorder -- Other treatment for mental disorder -- Appropriate treatment and preventive detention -- Surgical castration -- Control and Treatment in the Community under the Mental Health Act -- Conditional discharge -- Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Special Offender Groups and Equality: A Duty to Treat Differently? -- Introduction -- The Concept of Equality and the Law -- Formal equality in law -- Substantive equality in law -- Mainstreaming and equality duties -- Equality, rights and risk -- Special Offender Groups -- Ethnic minority/indigenous sex offenders -- Female sex offenders -- Juvenile sex offenders -- Disability: intellectually disabled sex offenders -- An Equality Duty: United Kingdom -- Possible impact on sexual offender treatment and management -- Legal challenge -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 5: Expert Evidence, Ethics and the Law -- Introduction -- Admissibility of Expert Evidence -- Expert evidence of witness credibility -- Reliability of expert evidence -- Ethical and Legal Duties of Expert Witnesses -- Objectivity -- Transparency -- Conflicts of Duty: "Wearing Two Hats" -- Confidentiality and patient records -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6: Ethical Issues in Sex Offender Research -- Introduction -- Dignity and Ethical Justification -- The concept of dignity -- Ethical justification -- Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting -- Research aims -- Selection of research designs -- Data presentation -- Negative results -- Participants and Data -- Offenders and Researchers.

Ethical blindness -- The moral status of offenders -- The vulnerability of offenders -- Cultural differences -- Assumptions about disorders -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7: Reintegrative and Disintegrative Shaming: Legal and Ethical Issues -- Introduction -- Part I: Control in the Community and "Disintegrative Shaming" -- Public protection, risk management and "crime control" -- Notification and related orders -- "Shame penalties" -- Part II: Restorative Justice and "Reintegrative Shaming" -- Reintegration through safety and support -- Conferencing and circles -- Due process, legitimacy, accountability and adequate safeguards -- Conclusion: The Balance of Rights -- Notes -- References -- 8: "Castrate 'Em!": Treatments, Cures and Ethical Considerations in UK Press Coverage of "Chemical Castration" -- Introduction -- The Rise of the Pedophile Problem: A Brief Modern History -- Framing "Chemical Castration" -- Medical Discourse -- Medical discourse of curability -- Medical discourse of controllability -- Medical discourse of incurability -- Longer prison sentences -- Capital punishment -- Chemical Castration: Voluntary Treatment or Enforced Punishment? -- Castration as enforced punishment -- Addressing the human rights issue -- Popular Discourse in Readers' Letters to the Sun -- Chemical castration as punishment -- Medical discourse -- Ethical considerations and the human rights issue -- Only alternative to life sentences -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 9: Sentencing Sex Offenders: An International Comparison of Sentencing Policy and Legislation -- Introduction -- Australia -- England and Wales -- Germany -- South Africa -- Discussion -- Notes -- References -- 10: Sentencing and Crime Policy for Sex Offenders in Japan: The Possible Impact of the Lay Judge System -- Introduction -- A Single Case Changed the Whole System.

Sex Offenders' Treatment Programs in Prisons -- Sex Offenders' Treatment Programs at Probation Stage -- Referrals -- Nature of programs -- The tracking system for sex offenders -- Did Japan Want Megan's Law after the Nara Case? -- The Impact of the Saiban-in System -- Impact on sentencing -- Differences of opinion between lay people and professional judges -- Future implications of the lay judge system for criminal justice policy on sex offenders -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 11: Unique Disadvantages, Unique Needs: Native American Sex Offenders -- Introduction -- Native Americans: Offenders and Victims in Indian Country and Beyond -- How reliable are crime data on Native Americans? -- Domestic violence, sex offenses and crimes against children -- Explanations for Native American crime -- Prosecution and Sentencing of Native American Sex Offenders -- The jurisdictional structure -- The exercise of federal jurisdiction: difficulties and challenges -- The Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Native American Sex Offenders -- Discrimination at sentencing? -- Violent sex offenders: rejecting leniency -- Sentencing of Aboriginal sex offenders outside the United States -- Sentencing, Treatment and Rehabilitation -- Retributive versus restorative justice -- Difficulties of treatment -- Culturally appropriate treatment: what the United States can learn from Canada and Australia -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 12: Mandated Reporting Laws: Experiences from Israel -- Introduction -- The Mandated Reporting Law in Israel in an International Context -- The Clinician's Ethical Dilemma -- The Mandated Reporting Law in Israel -- Strengths of the mandatory reporting law -- Problems with the mandatory reporting law in Israel -- Consultation by parents after daughter disclosed abuse by her uncle.

Addressing Problems with the Law -- A Brief History of Attempts to Effect Change in Israel -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part Two: Legal and Ethical Issues in Risk Treatment -- 13: Treatment for Adult Sex Offenders: May We Reject the Null Hypothesis? -- Introduction -- What Do the Authorities Say about Treatment Efficacy? -- Why Should We Not Accept All This? -- How Persuasive Is the Adult Sex Offender Treatment Literature? -- Would Bayesian Reasoning Mean the Rejection of the Null Hypothesis? -- Why Not Just Accept the Alternate Hypothesis Anyway? -- Why Then Are RCTs for Adult Sex Offender Treatment So Uncommon? -- Why Is It So Difficult to Change the Beliefs of Sex Offender Researchers and Practitioners? -- How Could an RCT of Adult Sex Offender Treatment be Conducted? -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 14: Ethical Issues in Treating Sexual Offenders: Applying Empirically Based Process Features of Treatment Delivery -- Introduction -- Factors in the Delivery of Treatment -- Results from the General Literature -- Therapist characteristics -- Therapeutic relationship -- Group climate -- Results with sexual offenders -- Results from the Sexual Offender Literature -- Therapist qualities -- Group climate -- Other process factors -- Conclusions -- References -- 15: A Forensic Psychologist's Involvement in Working with Sex Offenders -- Introduction -- Early Professional Influences and Personal Values Development -- Early Employment Experiences after Leaving Higher Education -- Practicing in the United Kingdom -- Clinical v. Forensic Psychology: Ethical Issues -- The Development of Structured Risk Assessment -- Collaborative Professional Working -- Other Assessment Approaches -- Treatment Variations -- Ethical Considerations in the Treatment of Sexual Offenders -- Conclusions -- References.

16: Punishment and the Rehabilitation of Sex Offenders: An Ethical Maelstrom.