Cover -- Wireless Optical Communications -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acronyms -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Light -- Chapter 2. History of Optical Telecommunications -- 2.1. Some definitions -- 2.1.1. Communicate -- 2.1.2. Telecommunication -- 2.1.3. Optical telecommunication -- 2.1.4. Radio frequency or Hertzian waves -- 2.2. The prehistory of telecommunications -- 2.3. The optical aerial telegraph -- 2.4. The code -- 2.5. The optical telegraph -- 2.5.1. The heliograph or solar telegraph -- 2.5.2. The night and day optical telegraph -- 2.6. Alexander Graham Bell's photophone -- Chapter 3. The Contemporary and the Everyday Life of Wireless Optical Communication -- 3.1. Basic principles -- 3.1.1. Operating principle -- 3.1.1.1. Block diagram -- 3.1.2. The optical propagation -- 3.1.2.1. Line of sight propagation - LOS -- 3.1.2.2. Wide line of sight - WLOS -- 3.1.2.3. Diffusion propagation (DIF) and controlled diffusion -- 3.1.3. Elements of electromagnetics -- 3.1.3.1. Maxwell's equations in an unspecified medium -- 3.1.3.2. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an isotropic medium -- 3.1.3.3. Energy associated to a wave -- 3.1.3.4. Propagation of a wave in a non-homogeneous medium -- 3.1.3.5. Coherent and incoherent waves -- 3.1.3.6. Relations between electromagnetism and geometrical optics -- 3.1.3.7. The electromagnetic spectrum -- 3.1.3.8. Units and scales -- 3.1.3.9. Examples of sources in the visible and near visible light -- 3.1.3.10. Conclusion -- 3.1.4. Models for data exchange -- 3.1.4.1. The OSI model -- 3.1.4.2. The DoD model -- 3.2. Wireless optical communication -- 3.2.1. Outdoor wireless optical communication -- 3.2.1.1. Earth-satellite wireless optical communication -- 3.2.1.2. Intersatellite wireless optical communication -- 3.2.1.3. Free-space optic.

3.2.2. Indoor wireless optical communication -- 3.2.2.1. The remote controller -- 3.2.2.2. The visible light communication -- 3.2.2.3. The IrDA solutions -- 3.2.2.4. The indoor wireless optical network (WON) -- 3.2.3. The institutional and technical ecosystem -- Chapter 4. Propagation Model -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Baseband equivalent model -- 4.2.1. Radio propagation model -- 4.2.2. Model of free-space optical propagation -- 4.2.3. The signal-to-noise ratio -- 4.3. Diffuse propagation link budget in a confined environment -- 4.3.1. Intersymbol interference -- 4.3.2. Reflection models -- 4.3.2.1. Specular reflection -- 4.3.2.2. Diffuse reflection -- 4.3.2.3. Lambert's model -- 4.3.2.4. Phong's model -- 4.3.3. Modeling -- Chapter 5. Propagation in the Atmosphere -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The atmosphere -- 5.2.1. The atmospheric gaseous composition -- 5.2.2. Aerosols -- 5.3. The propagation of light in the atmosphere -- 5.3.1. Molecular absorption -- 5.3.2. Molecular scattering -- 5.3.3. Aerosol absorption -- 5.3.4. Aerosol scattering -- 5.4. Models -- 5.4.1. Kruse and Kim models -- 5.4.2. Bataille's model -- 5.4.2.1. Molecular extinction -- 5.4.2.2. Aerosol extinction -- 5.4.3. Al Naboulsi's model -- 5.4.4. Rain attenuation -- 5.4.5. Snow attenuation -- 5.4.6. Scintillation -- 5.5. Experimental set-up -- 5.6. Experimental results -- 5.6.1. Comparaison with Kruse and Kim model (850 nm) -- 5.6.2. Comparaison with Al Naboulsi's model -- 5.7. Fog, haze, and mist -- 5.8. The runway visual range (RVR) -- 5.8.1. The visibility -- 5.8.2. Measuring instruments -- 5.8.2.1. The transmissometer -- 5.8.2.2. The scatterometer -- 5.9. Calculating process of an FSO link availability -- 5.10. Conclusion -- Chapter 6. Indoor Optic Link Budget -- 6.1. Emission and reception parameters -- 6.1.1. Transmission device: parameters -- 6.1.2. Reception device.

6.2. Link budget for line of sight communication -- 6.2.1. Geometrical attenuation -- 6.2.2. Optical margin -- 6.2.3. Coverage -- 6.2.4. Reciprocity and not reciprocity of the channel -- 6.3. Link budget for communication with retroreflectors -- 6.3.1. Principle of operation -- 6.3.2. Optical budget -- 6.4. Examples of optical budget and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) -- 6.4.1. Examples of optical budget -- 6.4.2. Examples of SNR and BER -- Chapter 7. Immunity, Safety, Energy and Legislation -- 7.1. Immunity -- 7.1.1. International references -- 7.1.2. Type of laser classes -- 7.1.3. Method for calculation -- 7.2. The confidentiality of communication -- 7.2.1. Physical confidentiality -- 7.2.2. Numerical solution -- 7.2.2.1. Cryptography -- 7.2.2.2. Public and secret key cryptography -- 7.2.2.3. Quantum cryptography -- 7.2.2.4. Quantum telecommunications in free space -- 7.2.2.5. Non-encrypted connections in confined space -- 7.3. Energy -- 7.4. Legislation -- 7.4.1. Organization of regulation activities -- 7.4.2. Regulation of wireless optical equipment -- Chapter 8. Optics and Optronics -- 8.1. Overview -- 8.2. Optronics: transmitters and receivers -- 8.2.1. Overviews on materials and structures -- 8.2.2. Light sources -- 8.2.2.1. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and spontaneous emission -- 8.2.2.2. White LEDs or visible light communication (VLC) LED -- 8.2.2.3. The semiconductor laser structure -- 8.2.2.4. Synthesis -- 8.2.3. Optronics receivers -- 8.2.3.1. Photovoltaic cells -- 8.2.3.2. PIN photodiode -- 8.2.3.3. Avalanche photodiode -- 8.2.3.4. Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure -- 8.3. Optics -- 8.3.1. Transmitter optical device -- 8.3.2. Receiver optical device -- 8.3.3. Optical filtering -- 8.3.3.1. Spatial filter or diaphragm -- 8.3.3.2. Wavelength filters or attenuators -- 8.3.4. Summary -- Chapter 9. Data Processing -- 9.1. Introduction.

9.2. Modulation -- 9.2.1. On-off keying (OOK) modulation -- 9.2.2. The pulse position modulation -- 9.2.3. The orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) -- 9.2.4. The diversity: MIMO -- 9.2.5. Summary -- 9.3. The coding -- 9.3.1. Principle and definitions -- 9.3.1.1. Principle -- 9.3.1.2. Definitions -- 9.3.2. Example of coding -- 9.3.2.1. Basic codes -- 9.3.2.2. Block codes -- 9.3.2.3. Convolutional codes -- 9.3.3. Summary -- Chapter 10. Data Transmission -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.1.1. Definition -- 10.1.2. The access methods -- 10.1.2.1. Time division multiple access -- 10.1.2.2. Frequency division multiple access -- 10.1.2.3. Code division multiple access -- 10.1.2.4. Carrier sense multiple access -- 10.1.2.5. Wavelength division multiple access -- 10.1.2.6. Space division multiple access -- 10.1.3. Quality of service parameters -- 10.2. Point-to-point link -- 10.2.1. The remote control -- 10.2.2. Infrared Data Association -- 10.2.3. Visible light communication consortium -- 10.3. Point-to-multipoint data link -- 10.3.1. IEEE 802.11 IR -- 10.3.2. ICSA - STB50 (IEEE 802.3 - Ethernet) -- 10.3.3. IEEE 802.15.3 -- 10.3.4. IEEE 802.15.7 -- 10.3.5. Optical wireless media access control -- 10.4. Summary -- Chapter 11. Installation and System Engineering -- 11.1. Free-space optic system engineering and installation -- 11.1.1. Principle of operation -- 11.1.2. Characteristics -- 11.1.2.1. Principal parameters -- 11.1.2.2. Secondary parameters -- 11.1.2.3. Examples of FSO systems -- 11.1.3. Implementation recommendations -- 11.1.4. Optic link budget -- 11.1.4.1. Geometrical attenuation concept -- 11.1.4.2. Link margin concept -- 11.1.5. FSO link availability -- 11.1.5.1. Characteristics -- 11.1.5.2. Results -- 11.1.6. Summary -- 11.2. Wireless optical system installation engineering in limited space -- 11.2.1. Habitat structure.

11.2.2. Statistical analysis and coverage area -- 11.2.3. Optical link budget -- 11.2.4. Optimization of indoor wireless optical system -- Chapter 12. Conclusion -- APPENDICES -- Appendix 1. Geometrical Optics, Photometry and Energy Elements -- Appendix 2. The Decibel Unit (dB) -- Bibliography -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Equations -- Index.