Contents -- Foreword -- 1. Basic Concepts and Historical Background -- 1.1 Space and Astrophysics -- 1.2 World War II, Teller 1952 -- 1.3 Controlled Nuclear Fusion -- 1.4 Magnetic Confinement Conditions for Nuclear Fusion -- 1.5 Nature of Plasma Turbulence -- 1.6 Breakthrough with Tokamak Confinement -- 1.7 Confinement Records Set in Early Tokamaks -- 1.7.1 First generation tokamaks: Ormak, PLT, Alcator, ATC and TFR -- 1.7.2 TFTR and the D-T fusion plasmas -- 1.7.3 Third-generation tokamaks with international growth -- 1.8 JET Record Fusion Power Experiments -- References -- 2. Alfven and Drift Waves in Plasmas -- 2.1 Low-Frequency Wave Dispersion Relations -- 2.2 Reduction of the Kinetic Dispersion Relation -- 2.3 Drift Waves -- 2.4 Kinetic Alfven Waves -- 2.5 Coupling of the Drift Wave, Ion-Acoustic and Shear Alfven Waves -- 2.5.1 Electrostatic drift waves -- 2.6 Drift Wave Eigenmodes in a Sheared Magnetic Field -- 2.7 Symmetries of the Drift Wave Eigenmodes -- 2.8 Outgoing Wave Boundary Conditions -- 2.8.1 Localized ion drift modes -- 2.9 Ion Acoustic Wave Turbulence -- 2.9.1 Electromagnetic scattering measurements of ion acoustic waves -- 2.9.2 Laser scattering experiment in Helium plasma -- 2.9.3 Probe measurements of the two-point correlation functions -- 2.9.4 Probe measurements of the spectrum and anomalous resistivity -- 2.9.5 Drift wave spectral distributions -- 2.9.6 Microwave scattering experiments in PLT -- 2.10 Drift Waves and Transport in the TEXT Tokamak -- 2.11 Drift Waves in Stellarators -- References -- 3. Mechanisms for Drift Waves -- 3.1 Drift Wave Turbulence -- 3.2 Drift Wave Mechanism -- 3.3 Energy Bounds for Turbulence Amplitudes -- 3.3.1 Density gradients -- 3.3.2 Temperature gradients -- 3.3.3 Drift wave eigenmodes in toroidal geometry -- 3.3.4 The effect of magnetic and Er shear on drift waves.

3.4 Weak Turbulence Theory for Drift Waves -- 3.5 Ion Temperature Gradient Mode -- 3.6 Drift Waves Paradigms: Hasegawa-Mima and Hasegawa-Wakatani Models -- References -- 4. Two-Component Magnetohydrodynamics -- 4.1 Collisional Transport Equations -- 4.2 Current, Density and Temperature Gradient Driven Drift Modes -- 4.2.1 Ion acoustic waves and the thermal mode -- 4.2.2 Ion temperature gradient instability -- 4.3 Closure Models for Coupled Chain of Fluid Moments -- 4.3.1 Closure models for the chain of the fluid moments -- 4.3.1.1 Examples of heat flux problem in fluid closures -- 4.4 Pressure Gradient Driven Instabilities -- 4.4.1 Scale invariance properties arising from an Ohm's law with electron inertia -- 4.4.2 Scaling of correlation length and time -- 4.4.3 Magnetic fiutter thermal transport -- 4.4.4 Electron inertia Ohm's law -- 4.5 Momentum Stress Tensor Stability Analysis -- 4.6 Kinetic Ballooning Mode Instability -- References -- 5. Laboratory Experiments for Drift Waves -- 5.1 Basic Laboratory Experiments for Drift Waves with Uniform Temperature Profiles -- 5.2 Discovery of Drift Waves in Early Q-Machine Experiments -- References -- 6. Magnetohydrodynamics and Magnetic Confinement Geometries -- 6.1 The MHD-Magnetohydrodynamic Model -- 6.1.1 MHD equations -- 6.1.2 Conservation form of MHD -- 6.1.3 MHD stable plasmas -- 6.1.4 Interchange stability condition -- 6.1.5 Plasma energy functional of MHD -- 6.1.6 Limitations of the MHD model -- 6.2 Double Adiabatic Pressure Tensor for Anisotropically Heated Plasmas -- 6.3 Ballooning Interchange Modes and the Trapped Particle Instability -- 6.4 Experimental Discovery of the Trapped Particle Instabilities -- 6.5 Discovering the Trapped Particle Instability -- 6.5.1 Parallel particle dynamics -- References -- 7. Laboratory Plasma Experiments for Waves and Transport.

7.1 Laboratory Plasma Drift Waves in Cylinders -- 7.2 Helimak Confinement -- 7.2.1 Helimak geometry and plasma dynamics -- 7.2.2 Magnetized jet: the unbounded case -- 7.2.3 Magnetized jets in Helimak -- 7.2.4 The slabmodel for the Helimak -- 7.2.5 Linear dynamics in Helimak -- 7.3 Toroidal Octupoles and Field Reversed Configurations -- 7.3.1 Toroidal geometry with helical magnetic fields -- 7.3.2 Density of rational surfaces and the KAM tori -- 7.3.3 Dynamical limitations of the MHD model and the fluid moments closure problem -- 7.3.4 Reduction of the toroidal plasma dynamics -- References -- 8. Turbulence Theory for Drift and Alfven Waves -- 8.1 General Considerations: Analogs with Geophysical Fluids -- 8.2 Nonlinear Drift Wave Models -- 8.2.1 Consequences of sheared flows on the drift wave power spectrum -- 8.3 Ion Temperature Gradient Induced Transport -- 8.4 Nonlinear Three-Mode Interactions and Drift-Wave Turbulence in a Tokamak Edge Plasma -- 8.5 Inertial Spectral Ranges in 2D and 3D Turbulence -- References -- 9. Impurity Transport Studies -- 9.1 Drift Wave Eigenmodes with Active Impurity Components -- 9.1.1 Eigenmodes and the quasilinear fluxes with impurities -- 9.2 The Three-Component Fluid Equations -- 9.2.1 Reduction of three-component fluid equations -- 9.2.2 Trapped electron mode (inside the SOL) -- 9.2.3 Spectral expansion of the nonlinear fields for impurity turbulence -- 9.2.4 Application to ITER -- 9.3 Impurity Transport in High-Density Regimes -- 9.4 Trace Impurity Transport Studies in the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) -- 9.5 Thermalization of Impurities and the Collisional Fluxes -- 9.6 Scandium and Titanium Transport with Ionization and Recombination -- 9.7 Mass Flows and Transport of Impurities in the Tokamak -- References -- 10. Coherent Structures in Plasmas.

10.1 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability and Vortices in Magnetized Plasma -- 10.2 Drift Wave Models for LAPD -- 10.2.1 The vorticity probe -- 10.2.2 Vorticity probe measurements on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability -- 10.2.3 Kelvin Helmholtz turbulence with drift waves -- 10.3 Experimental Measurement of Vorticity Dynamics Studies and the Reynolds Stress -- 10.4 Electromagnetic Vortices -- 10.4.1 Basic considerations of Alfven-drift wave vortices -- 10.4.2 Special solutions for vortex boundary value problems -- 10.4.3 Drift Alfven wave vortices -- 10.4.4 Electromagnetic electron skin depth vortices and electromagnetic short-wavelength drift vortices -- 10.4.5 Comparisons of the electromagnetic vortices -- (1) Common features -- (2) Differences in Structure -- (3) Different allowed regions of the vortex propagation speed -- References -- 11. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields and Chaotic Orbits -- 11.1 Kinetic Theory Formulas for the Fluctuating Electromagnetic Fields -- 11.2 Requirements for Self-Consistent Fields -- 11.2.1 Dispersion relation for two-temperature Maxwellian distribution -- 11.2.2 Electromagnetic dispersion relation for cross-field beam injected plasma -- 11.2.3 Anisotropy-driven growth rates -- 11.3 Quasilinear Fluctuation Diffusion Tensor -- 11.4 Electron Diffusion from Magnetic Flutter in Tokamaks -- 11.4.1 Polarization relations for low-frequency electromagnetic fluctuations -- 11.4.2 Qualitative picture of anomalous transport due to magnetic fluctuations -- 11.4.3 Electron thermal transport from magnetic fluctuations in the fluid approximation -- 11.4.4 Kinetic theory of transport due to magnetic fluctuations -- References -- 12. Toroidal Confinement Systems -- 12.1 Toroidal System with High Temperature Plasmas -- 12.2 Helical Toroidal Systems: LHD, Heliotrons, and Stellarators -- 12.3 Neoclassical Dynamics and Transport in Toroidal Systems.

12.4 Large Helical System Fields and Transport -- 12.4.1 Fluctuations in the ballooning mode representation -- 12.4.2 Drift waves in the ballooning representation -- 12.5 Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes -- References -- 13. Temperature Gradient Driven Instabilities -- 13.1 Ion Temperature Gradient Instabilities -- 13.2 Mechanism of the Ion Temperature Gradient Instabilities -- 13.2.1 Nyquist analysis -- 13.2.2 Full 3 × 3 electromagnetic ion temperature gradient modes -- 13.2.3 Limiting cases of the electromagnetic ITG dispersion relation -- 13.2.4 Ion temperature gradient and trapped electron transport -- 13.3 Analytical TEM-ITG Drift-Wave Model -- 13.3.1 Nonadiabatic electron response functions -- 13.4 Internal Transport Barriers for ITG/TEM Models -- 13.5 The Weiland ITG/TEM Transport Model -- References -- 14. Electron Temperature Gradient Driven Turbulence -- 14.1 Electron Transport and the Critical Temperature Gradient -- 14.2 Electron Temperature Gradient Transport -- 14.2.1 Two-space scales for electron transport -- 14.2.2 Nonadiabatic ion response -- 14.3 Electron Thermal Transport in TCV -- 14.4 ECRH Driven Discharges -- 14.5 Electron Temperature Gradient Turbulence Modeling -- 14.6 Validation Analysis of the Electron Transport Modeling -- 14.7 LHCD Driven Discharges and Anisotropic Electron Phase-Space Distribution Functions -- 14.7.1 Comparison of Te and q e gradients -- 14.7.2 Kinetic dispersion relation for LHCD plasma -- 14.7.3 Hydrodynamic-FLR limit of PLHCD-function -- 14.7.4 Analytic quasilinear RF velocity diffusivity -- 14.7.5 High-power LHCD plateau model Fe -- References -- 15. Magnetic Reconnection Instabilities -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Nonlinear dynamics of the sawtooth events -- 15.2 Effects of Drift Wave Turbulence on Magnetic Reconnection -- 15.2.1 Two-component fluid simulations.

15.2.2 Magnetic islands caused by turbulence.