Front Cover -- Energy Efficiency: Towards the End of Demand Growth -- Copyright page -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Foreword: Is Zero Energy Growth in Our Future? -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Electricity Demand Growth -- 2 Theme of the Book -- 2.1 Against the Grain -- 3 Organization of the Book and Chapter Summaries -- I: End of Demand Growth is within Reach -- 1 Will Energy Efficiency make a Difference? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mind the Gap, the Energy Efficiency Gap -- 3 What Scope for Energy Efficiency? -- 4 What Energy Future? -- 5 Conclusions -- 2 Utility Energy Efficiency Programs: Lessons from the Past, Opportunities for the Future -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Brief History of U.S. Utility Energy Efficiency Efforts -- 3 Why Do Utilities Invest in Energy Efficiency? -- 4 Recent Efforts in Leading States -- 4.1 California -- 4.2 Pacific Northwest -- 4.3 New England -- 4.4 Midwest -- 4.5 Southwest -- 4.6 Why the Regional Differences? -- 5 Key Lessons Learned -- 6 Long-Term Efficiency Opportunities -- 7 Issues to Address -- 7.1 Savings from Utility Programs Vs. from Codes and Standards -- 7.2 Where Will Future Energy Savings Come from? -- 7.3 Will Energy Efficiency Costs Increase or Decrease? -- 7.4 Evaluation, Measurement, and Verification -- 7.5 Sales Growth Versus Load Growth -- 7.6 Who Should Administer Utility Sector Energy efficiency Programs? -- 7.7 Supporting Policies and Policy Stability -- 7.9 Potential Wild Card: Role of Electric Vehicles -- 8 Program Strategies for the Future -- 9 Moving Forward -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- 3 A Global Perspective on the Long-term Impact of Increased Energy Efficiency -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Convergence or Divergence in Energy Intensity -- 2.2 Decomposition Analysis -- 3 Data and Methodology -- 4 Empirical Results -- 4.1 Overall Results -- 4.2 Country-Specific Results.

4.3 Relationship between Energy Intensity and Income Levels -- 4.4 Projecting Energy Demand to 2035 -- 5 Conclusions -- Annex -- Decomposition Analysis -- References -- 4 Carpe Diem - Why Retail Electricity Pricing must Change Now -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Breaking the Addiction to Electricity -- 3 Self-Generation becomes the Norm -- 3.1 Portland General Electric Viewpoint -- 3.2 Raymond Gifford Viewpoint (Former Chairman of the Colorado Public Utility Commission) -- 4 Industry Implications -- 5 Possible Responses -- 5.1 Regulatory -- 5.1.1 Marginal Cost Rate Design -- 5.1.2 Cost Recovery and Performance Incentives -- 5.2 Enterprise Model -- 5.2.1 Cost Management and Productivity -- 5.2.2 New Revenues -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Is There an Energy Efficiency Gap? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Facts on Energy Demand -- 2.1 Overview of Energy Demand and Energy Efficiency -- 2.2 Energy Efficiency Policy in the United States -- 3 Evidence on Returns to Energy Efficiency Investments -- 3.1 Engineering Estimates of Energy Conservation Cost Curves -- 3.2 Empirical Estimates of Returns on Investment -- 3.3 Cost Effectiveness of Energy Conservation Programs -- 3.4 Tradeoffs between Durable Goods -- 4 Investment Inefficiencies that Could Cause an Energy Efficiency Gap -- 4.1 Imperfect Information -- 4.2 Inattention -- 5 Policy Implications -- 5.1 Energy Efficiency Subsidies and Standards as a Second-Best Approach to Pollution Abatement -- 5.2 Energy Efficiency Subsidies and Standards as a Second-Best Approach to Correcting Investment Inefficiencies -- 6 Conclusions -- Appendix: A Model of Investment in Energy Efficiency -- References -- Further Reading -- II: The - Frustratingly Slow - Evolution of Energy Efficiency -- 6 Making Cost-Effective Energy Efficiency Fit Utility Business Models: Why has It Taken So Long? -- 1 Introduction.

2 A Broken Business Model -- 2.1 The Wrong Path: Higher Fixed Charges -- 2.2 The Revenue Decoupling Debate -- 3 Toward a New Utility Business Model -- 4 Conclusions -- 7 The Evolution of Demand-Side Management in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Origins and Evolution of Demand-Side Management -- 3 The Intellectual Dispute Regarding the Energy Gap and its Hidden Assumptions -- 4 The DSM Past is Energy Efficiency's Prologue -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 China: Energy Efficiency Where it Really Matters -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modeling Methodology -- 3 Aggregate Energy and Emissions Modelling Results -- 3.1 Aggregate Results by Fuel and Sector -- 4 Residential Buildings Sector Findings -- 5 Commercial Buildings Sector Findings -- 6 Industrial Sector Findings -- 7 Transport Sector Findings -- 8 Electricity Sector Findings -- 9 Sensitivity Analyses -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Rapid Growth at What Cost? Impact of Energy Efficiency Policies in Developing Economies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Drivers of Electricity Consumption in ASEAN -- 2.1 GDP and Electricity Consumption in ASEAN -- 2.2 Electricity Tariff and Electricity Consumption in ASEAN -- 2.3 Electric Productivity -- 3 Projected Electricity Consumption and Conservation of ASEAN Economies -- 4 Measures and Policies to Narrow the Efficiency Gap -- 4.1 Measures and Policies towards Conservation -- 4.2 Singapore Energy Efficiency Measures and Policies -- 4.3 Indonesia Energy Efficiency Measures and Policies -- 5 Conclusions -- Appendix A: Income Elasticity of Electricity Consumption of Asean Economies -- Appendix B: List of Recent Singapore Government Incentive Schemes and Programs for Energy Efficiency -- References -- III: Case Studies of Low-Energy Communities and Projects -- 10 The Prospect of Zero Net Energy Buildings in the United States -- 1 Introduction.

2 From a Steady State Economy to Zero Net Energy -- 2.1 Definitions of Zero Net Energy -- 2.2 Importance of the Definition of ZNE -- 3 Zero Net Energy Initiatives in the United States -- 3.1 Zero Net Energy Programmatic Efforts in the United States -- 3.2 Wider Reaching Zero Net Energy Educational Activities in the United States -- 4 Planning for Zero Net Energy -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 What If This Actually Works? Implementing California's Zero Net Energy Goals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of California Zero Net Energy Policy -- 2.1 The Warren-Alquist Act and the California Energy Commission -- 2.2 Rates and Ratemaking in California -- 2.2.1 Revenue Requirement, Volumetric Rates, and the Utility Business Model -- 2.2.2 Revenue Decoupling -- 2.2.3 Inverted Block Rates -- 2.3 Background on California Investor-owned Utilities, Energy Efficiency, and Renewables -- 2.4 California Zero Net Energy Policy in Context -- 2.5 The Role of California Energy Efficiency Standards -- 2.6 Zero Net Energy Efforts from the Utilities -- 3 Pathways to the 2020 and 2030 Goals -- 3.1 Physical and Technical Barriers to Zero Net Energy -- 3.2 Financial and Economic Barriers to Zero Net Energy: California Rate Mechanisms and Net Energy Metering -- 3.3 Policy Barriers to Zero Net Energy: ZNE Definitions and Their Impact -- 4 Imagining Zero Net Energy at Scale -- 4.1 Current Status and Near Term of Zero Net Energy in California -- 4.2 Business Model Issues: Who Would Invest in This? -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Zero Net Energy At A Community Scale: UC Davis West Village -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Context -- 3 Energy Efficiency Strategies -- 4 On-Site Energy Generation -- 5 Other Sustainability Elements -- 6 Conclusions -- References.

13 Crouching Demand, Hidden Peaks: What's Driving Electricity Consumption in Sydney? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Where have all the kWh Gone? -- 2.1 Weather Effects in Crouching Demand and Hiding Peaks -- 3 The Usual Suspects -- 4 Prices and their Accomplices -- 4.1 Macro factors, Demographics, and Economics -- 4.2 Impact of Climate Change Concern -- 4.3 The Impact of CFLs and the Lighting Phase-Out -- 4.4 MEPS and Labeling -- 4.5 Impact of Hot Water Changes -- 4.6 Impact of Insulation -- 4.8 Impact of Building Regulation - BASIX -- 4.9 Impact of PV -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 From Consumer to Prosumer: Netherland's PowerMatching City Shows The Way -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Global Energy Trends -- 1.2 The Energy Prosumer -- 2 PowerMatching City -- 2.1 Overview of the Pilot Project -- 2.2 In-home Optimization -- 2.3 Capacity Management and Integration of Renewable Energy Resources -- 2.4 Coordination and Virtual Power Plant -- 2.5 Introduction of a Local Energy Market -- 3 The Role of End-Users -- 3.1 Turning End-Users to Prosumers -- 3.2 End-Use Appliances -- 3.3 Smart Meters and Data Communication -- 3.4 Behavioral Aspects of Prosumers -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Back to Basics: Enhancing Efficiency in the Generation and Delivery of Electricity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Electricity Use in Production and Delivery of Electricity -- 3 Electricity Use in Power Plants -- 3.1 Plant Auxiliaries Affect Heat Rate -- 3.2 Analysis of Electricity Use in Power Plants -- 3.2.1 Overview -- 3.2.2 Data Sources and Quality and Statistical Approach: Power Plant Electricity Usage -- 3.2.3 Overview of Electricity Usage Analysis Results: Power Plants -- 3.2.4 Electricity Usage in Coal Power Plants -- 3.3 Impact of Emission Controls on Electricity Usage -- 3.4 Electricity Usage in Nuclear Power Plants.

3.5 Electricity Usage in Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants.