Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation: Bridging the Gaps Between Global Commitment and Local Action -- Why a book on biodiversity monitoring and conservation? -- Biodiversity and human well-being -- Species-based indicators of biodiversity change -- Indicators of the pressures on biodiversity -- The next generation of biodiversity indicators -- Biodiversity monitoring in practice -- Conclusions -- References -- Part I Species-Based Indicators of Biodiversity Change -- Chapter 2 Tracking Change in National-Level Conservation Status: National Red Lists -- Introduction -- Methods -- Interpreting the index in the context of biodiversity change? -- Global Red List and RLI results -- Implementation of the index: national case studies -- Two decades of extinction risk assessment for the Venezuelan fauna -- The Red Data Book for the mammals of South Africa -- Critique of strengths and weaknesses -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3 The Wildlife Picture Index: A Biodiversity Indicator for Top Trophic Levels -- Introduction -- Component of biodiversity: medium to large terrestrial birds and mammals -- The Wildlife Picture Index -- Measuring the WPI -- Trend analysis using the WPI -- Implementation of the WPI -- Preliminary simulations -- Cost of implementation -- Weaknesses and strengths -- The future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 Tracking Change in Abundance: The Living Planet Index -- Introduction -- Methods -- What has the index told us about biodiversity change? Interpreting the index -- Global LPI results -- Implementation of the index -- Critique of strengths and weaknesses -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Part II Indicators of the Pressures on Biodiversity -- Chapter 5 Satellite Data-Based Indices to Monitor Land Use and Habitat Changes -- Introduction -- Satellites and their possible role in helping monitoring biodiversity through habitat change -- Satellites: a world of possibilities -- The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its promising links with ecology -- Limits to satellite data -- Conclusions: biodiversity monitoring, satellites, and national reporting -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 6 Indicators of Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity -- Introduction -- Attributing and measuring climate change impacts on species -- Developing a theoretical framework for climate change indicators -- Climate change indicators in practice -- Validating climate change vulnerability assessments and indicators -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Monitoring Trends in Biological Invasion, its Impact and Policy Responses -- Introduction -- Review of indicators of invasions -- Development of global indicators for biological invasion -- Technical challenges to the development of invasion indicators -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Exploitation Indices: Developing Global and National Metrics of Wildlife Use and Trade -- Introduction -- Indicators currently available -- Indicators of sustainable use -- Future directions for indicators of exploitation and trade in wild species -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Chapter 9 Personalized Measures of Consumption and Development in the Context of Biodiversity Conservation: Connecting the Ecological Footprint Calculation with the Human Footprint Map -- Introduction -- Ecological footprint calculation -- The human footprint map -- Connecting the ecological footprint and human footprint -- Equivalency between the ecological footprint and the human footprint -- Discussion -- References -- Part III The Next Generation of Biodiversity Indicators -- Chapter 10 Indicator Bats Program: A System for the Global Acoustic Monitoring of Bats -- Introduction -- Monitoring ultrasonic biodiversity -- Developing an ultrasonic indicator -- Comparisons with existing indicators -- Indicator Bats Program -- The future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11 Occupancy Methods for Conservation Management -- Introduction -- First step: defining conservation management objectives -- Proportion of area occupied (PAO) -- Species richness -- Conservation management of red slender loris in Sri Lanka -- References -- Chapter 12 Monitoring and Evaluating the Socioeconomic Impacts of Conservation Projects on Local Communities -- Introduction -- Why monitor the socioeconomic impacts of conservation projects? -- What to monitor? -- How to monitor? What are the pitfalls? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 Science to Policy Linkages for the Post-2010 Biodiversity Targets -- Introduction -- Twenty targets for 2020 -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part IV Biodiversity Monitoring in Practice -- Chapter 14 Building Sustainable National Monitoring Networks -- International conventions for biodiversity conservation -- Why national long-term sustainable monitoring? -- Monitoring goals -- Monitoring plan design -- Data collection -- Data storage -- Data analysis -- Standardization -- Human and financial capacity.

Institutional frameworks -- Establishing trust and credibility -- Communication and dissemination -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15 Monitoring in the Real World -- Introduction -- The importance of power in monitoring -- Real-world challenges -- An ideal monitoring programme? -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 16 Monitoring in UNDP-GEF Biodiversity Projects: Balancing Conservation Priorities, Financial Realities, and Scientific Rigour -- Introduction -- The GEF and biodiversity conservation -- UNDP and biodiversity conservation -- The role of biodiversity monitoring in the monitoring and evaluation of UNDP-GEF biodiversity projects -- Direct biodiversity monitoring in UNDP-GEF projects -- Mechanisms for increasing the contribution of GEF biodiversity projects to broader biodiversity monitoring efforts -- Financing for increased technical support to GEF biodiversity projects and other considerations -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 17 Scaling Up or Down? Linking Global and National Biodiversity Indicators and Reporting -- Introduction -- Global biodiversity indicators use -- Global biodiversity indicators production -- National biodiversity indicators use -- National biodiversity indicators production -- National biodiversity indicators data sources -- National biodiversity indicator types -- Challenges in developing national biodiversity indicators -- Regional indicators for biodiversity -- National use of global indicators for biodiversity -- National capacity needs for biodiversity indicators -- Scaling up or scaling down? Addressing differing motivations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 18 Conserving Biodiversity in a Target-Driven World -- Background -- The CBD 2010 Target - positive aspects -- The CBD 2010 Target - problematic aspects.

The 2010 Target - why was it not met? -- How do we raise the priority of biodiversity? -- How will the Aichi 2020 Biodiversity Target help avoid pitfalls post-2010? -- Linking targets to actions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.