Intellectual Disability -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Prologue Why Study Disability? -- Part I The Roots of Dehumanization -- 1 Intellectual Disability : History and Evolution of Definitions -- Thinking in Categories -- Perceiving People in Context -- Why People Act as They Do -- Labeling Individuals with Disability -- Effects of Labels -- Effects on Individuals with Intellectual Disability -- Effects on others -- Social Construction of Intellectual Disability -- Summary -- 2 The Social Construction of Purgatory : Ideas and Institutions -- In the Beginning -- The Growth of Institutions -- The Social Menace of Intellectual Disability -- Dehumanization -- Individual cases -- Holocaust -- Freaks on display -- Nameless in death -- Reflecting on Purgatory: The Danger of Certainty -- 3 A Failure of Intelligence -- Individual Differences -- Intelligence Testing: The Measurement of Mind -- The Mismeasure of Men, Women, and Children -- Intelligence Testing on a Mass Scale -- Intelligence and Human Nature -- Intelligence in Perspective -- 4 The Consequences of Reason : Moral Philosophy and Intelligence -- Philosophy and Intellectual Disability -- Rational Value and the Birth of Philosophy -- Reason and Ethics in the Modern Era -- Current Movements in Ethics: Utilitarian Trends and Marginal Cases -- Part II Out of the Darkness -- 5 Defining the Person : The Moral and Social Consequences of Philosophies of Selfhood -- The Self in Isolation -- Philosophies of Relationality: The Social Self -- The Self as Culturally Construed -- 6 Alternative Views of Moral Engagement : Relationality and Rationality -- American Pragmatism and the Social Nature of Moral Life -- Moral Engagement Based on Habit and Character -- Moral Engagement Based on Emotion -- Moral Engagement Based on Care -- Moral Engagement Based on Intelligent Growth.

Moral Engagement Based on Capabilities -- Caring Capabilities and Disability -- 7 Culture and Intellectual Disability -- Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Disability -- Intellectual Disability, Language, and Contemporary Culture -- Cross-Cultural Perspectives -- Comparative Philosophy and Intellectual Disability -- Disability and Academic Culture -- Part III Disability Ethics for a New Age -- 8 Quality of Life and Perception of Self -- Defining Quality of Life -- A Multidimensional Construct -- Measuring Quality of Life -- Multidimensional scales -- Ethnographic study -- Discrepancy analysis -- Direct behavioral measures -- Results of Quality of Life Measurement -- Quality of life of people with and without disabilities -- People with intellectual disability -- Speaking for Oneself: Proxies, Self-Advocacy, and Quality of Life -- Quality of Life in Perspective -- 9 Application and Best Practices : Rights, Education, and Ethics -- Justice for All -- Education -- Employment -- International rights initiatives -- Rights challenges -- Engaging Moral Community -- Selective abortion and moral status -- Genetic testing and social ethics -- Surrogacy and bioethics -- Surrogacy and care -- Technology and ethics: Present and future challenges -- 10 Epilogue : Visions of the Future -- Changing Public Perceptions -- Living in Community: New Orientations for Services -- Public Policy and an Improved Quality of Life -- Benefits for Research and Scholarship -- Valor and Values for a New Age -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index.