Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contributors -- 1: Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids: towards a new era -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Integrating behavioural ecology and chemical ecology in insect parasitoids -- 1.3 The use of chemical ecology to improve the efficacy of insect parasitoids in biological control programmes -- 1.4 Overview -- 1.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1: Basic concepts -- 2: Plant defences and parasitoid chemical ecology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Plant defences against a diversity of attackers -- 2.3 Above-ground-below-ground interactions and parasitoids -- 2.4 Climate change and parasitoid chemical ecology -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 3: Foraging strategies of parasitoids in complex chemical environments -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemical complexity -- 3.3 Foraging strategies of parasitoids in chemically complex environments -- 3.4 Conclusions -- 4: Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids in a multitrophic above- and below-ground context -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Influence of root feeders on above-ground insect herbivores -- 4.3 Influence of soil-borne symbionts on above-ground insect herbivores -- 4.4 Plant-mediated effects of root feeders and soil-borne symbionts on growth and development of parasitoids -- 4.5 Effects of root-feeding insects on HIPVs and host location of parasitoids -- 4.6 Expanding an above-below-ground bitrophic reductionist perspective -- Acknowledgement -- 5: A hitch-hiker's guide to parasitism: the chemical ecology of phoretic insect parasitoids -- 5.1 Phoresy -- 5.2 Prevalence of phoretic parasitoids -- 5.3 Important parasitoid and host traits -- 5.4 Chemical espionage on host pheromones -- 5.5 Coevolution between phoretic spies and hosts -- 5.6 Biological control -- 5.7 Future perspectives -- Acknowledgements.

6: Novel insights into pheromone-mediated communication in parasitic hymenopterans -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pheromones and sexual behaviour -- 6.3 Other pheromones -- 6.4 Variability in pheromone-mediated sexual behaviour -- 6.5 Pheromone biosynthesis -- 6.6 Evolution of parasitoid sex pheromones -- 6.7 Conclusions and outlook -- 7: Chemical ecology of tachinid parasitoids -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Long-range orientation -- 7.3 Short-range orientation -- 7.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 8: Climate change and its effects on the chemical ecology of insect parasitoids -- 8.1 On climate change and chemical ecology -- 8.2 Direct climate change impacts on parasitoids -- 8.3 Climate change and bottom-up impacts on parasitoids: herbivore host and plant host quality -- 8.4 Impacts of climate change-related abiotic stresses on parasitoid ecology and behaviour -- 8.5 Climate change impacts on biological control -- 8.6 Ecosystem services provided by parasitoids: impact of changing climate -- 8.7 Future research directions and conclusions -- Part 2: Applied concepts -- 9: Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids: essential elements for developing effective biological control programmes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Essential elements in parasitoid chemical ecology -- 9.3 Manipulation of the population levels of natural enemies by semiochemicals -- 9.4 Limits and perspectives of behavioural manipulation of parasitoids by applying semiochemicals -- 9.5 Cautionary example: interspecific competitive interactions in parasitoids -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 10: The application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for arable crops -- 10.1 Arable crops: characteristics of the systems and trophic interactions mediated by chemical cues -- 10.2 Methodologies for using chemical cues to attract and retain parasitoids in arable crops -- 10.3 Final considerations.

Acknowledgements -- 11: Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for orchards and vineyards -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Pheromone-based tactics in orchards and vineyards -- 11.3 Allelochemical-based manipulation in orchards and vineyards -- 11.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- 12: Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for organic crops -- 12.1 Introduction: organic farming and compatibility of chemical cues -- 12.2 Overview of plant defences involving plant volatiles -- 12.3 The use of synthetic HIPVs in pest management -- 12.4 Arthropod pest management strategies used in organic farming -- 12.5 Potential for extending chemical cue use in organic systems -- 12.6 Conclusions -- 13: Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for forest trees -- 13.1 Forest insect herbivores and natural enemy host/prey finding -- 13.2 Introduction to forest systems -- 13.3 Examples from North America -- 13.4 Conclusions -- Index.