Nucleic Acid Biosensors for Environmental Pollution Monitoring -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Biosensor Techniques for Environmental Monitoring -- 1.1 Introduction: Role of Biosensors in Environmental Analysis -- 1.2 Biosensors: Definition, Classification and a Brief History -- 1.3 Innovative Biorecognition Elements for Environmental Analysis -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Nucleic Acids as Biorecognition Element in Biosensor Development -- 2.1 Description and Classification of Nucleic Acids -- 2.1.1 Natural Nucleic Acids -- 2.1.2 Synthetic Nucleic Acids -- 2.2 Applications of Nucleic Acid Based Biosensor Technologies -- 2.2.1 DNA Biosensors -- 2.2.2 RNA Biosensors -- 2.2.3 PNA Biosensors -- 2.2.4 LNA Biosensors -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Genosensing Environmental Pollution -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Genosensor Development -- 3.2.1 Probe Design -- 3.2.2 Probe Immobilization -- 3.2.3 Sample Treatment and Hybridization -- 3.2.4 Detection -- 3.3 Genosensors for Environmental Monitoring -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Aptamer-based Biosensor for Environmental Monitoring -- 4.1 Introduction to Aptamers -- 4.2 Aptamer Properties -- 4.3 SELEX and its Variants -- 4.3.1 Bound-state SELEX Variants -- 4.3.2 Solution-based SELEX Variants -- 4.3.3 Specialized Variants -- 4.4 Aptamer-based Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring -- 4.4.1 Detection of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants -- 4.4.2 Detection of Drugs, EDCs, and PPCPs -- 4.4.3 Detection of Toxins -- 4.4.4 Detection of Pathogens -- 4.4.5 Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives -- 4.5 Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 5 Catalytic Nucleic Acid Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring -- 5.1 Discovery of Catalytic Nucleic Acids -- 5.2 Detection of Trace Contaminants using Catalytic Nucleic Acids as Sensing Platforms.

5.3 Isolation of Catalytic Nucleic Acids Using in vitro Selection -- 5.4 Conversion of Catalytic Nucleic Acids into Biosensors -- 5.4.1 Fluorescence Sensing -- 5.4.2 Colorimetric Sensors -- 5.4.3 Dipstick Tests based on AuNP-DNAzyme Conjugates -- 5.4.4 Electrochemical Sensors -- 5.5 Expanding the Scope of the Sensing Targets of Catalytic Nucleic Acids by Employing Aptazymes -- 5.6 Summary and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Nucleic Acid-based Biosensors for the Detection of DNA Damage -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Optical Transduction Schemes -- 6.3 Whole-Cell Based Biosensors -- 6.4 Field Capability and Stage of Development -- 6.5 Future Trends and Summary -- Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 7 Detection of Damage to DNA Using Electrochemical and Piezoelectric DNA-Based Biosensors -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electrochemical Biosensors -- 7.2.1 Construction of Biosensors for DNA Damage Detection -- 7.2.2 Techniques Used for DNA Damage Detection -- 7.3 Piezoelectric Biosensors -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 New Trends in DNA Sensors for Environmental Applications: Nanomaterials, Miniaturization, and Lab-on-a-Chip Technology -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nanomaterial-based Sensors for DNA Detection -- 8.2.1 Optical Sensors -- 8.2.2 Electrochemical Sensors -- 8.3 DNA and Nanomaterial-based Sensing Platforms -- 8.3.1 Optical Detection Methods -- 8.3.2 Electrochemical Detection Methods -- 8.4 Nanoprobe- and Nanochannel-based Sensing -- 8.5 Lab-on-a-chip Systems -- 8.5.1 Fabrication Technologies -- 8.5.2 Operation -- 8.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9 Conclusions and Criticisms -- References -- Subject Index.