BK9780854046669-FX001 -- ROC -- 1.1&X -- INTRODUCTION -- heading02 -- 1.2&X -- OCCURRENCE -- 1.2.1&Y -- Earth's Crust -- heading05 -- 1.2.2&Y -- The Seas -- 1.2.3&Y -- Biological Materials -- Table 1 -- 1.3&X -- COORDINATION CHEMISTRY -- 1.3.1&Y -- Ion Sizes -- 1.3.2&Y -- Donor Atoms and Strength of Binding -- Table 2 -- Figure 1 -- heading11 -- Table 3 -- heading12 -- 1.3.3&Y -- Calcium Binding Domains -- 1.3.4&Y -- Geometry of Binding -- Figure 2 -- 1.3.5&Y -- Kinetic Lability -- 1.4&X -- SOLUBILITY OF SALTS AND ATTENDANT PROBLEMS -- heading17 -- heading18 -- 1.5&X -- ASSAY -- 1.5.1&Y -- Solution -- 1.5.2&Y -- Determination of Intra-cellu-lar Calcium Ion Concentrations -- heading22 -- 1.5.3&Y -- Procedures -- 1.5.4&Y -- Caged Calcium -- 1.5.5&Y -- Solid State -- 1.6&X -- SUMMARY -- 2.1&X -- SODIUM -- 2.1.1&Y -- Impulse Transmission -- heading03 -- 2.1.2&Y -- Solute Transport -- heading05 -- Figure 1 -- 2.2&X -- POTASSIUM -- 2.2.1&Y -- Impulse Transmission -- 2.2.2&Y -- Enzyme Activation -- 2.3&X -- MAGNESIUM -- 2.3.1&Y -- Impulse Inhibition -- heading11 -- 2.3.2&Y -- Interactions with Biomolecules -- 2.3.3&Y -- Cell Wall Structure -- 2.3.4&Y -- Enzyme Activation -- Figure 2 -- 2.3.5&Y -- Photosynthesis -- 2.4&X -- CALCIUM -- 2.4.1&Y -- Impulse Transmission -- 2.4.2&Y -- Second Messenger Action -- heading19 -- 2.5&X -- CALCIUM BINDING PROTEINS AND THEIR OCCURENCE -- 2.5.1&Y -- Calmodulin -- Table 1 -- heading22 -- Figure 3 -- 2.5.2&Y -- Lectins -- 2.5.3&Y -- Regulation of Gene Ex-pres-sion -- heading25 -- 2.5.4&Y -- Cell Birth and Death -- heading27 -- heading28 -- 2.5.5&Y -- Exocytosis and Endocytosis -- Figure 4 -- heading30 -- 2.5.6&Y -- Movement in Organisms -- 2.5.7&Y -- Blood Coagulation -- heading33 -- 2.5.8&Y -- Biomineralization -- heading35 -- 2.6&X -- CLINICAL ASPECTS -- 2.6.1&Y -- Dietary Requirements -- heading38 -- 2.6.2&Y.

Deficiencies and Excesses -- Table 2 -- Table 3 -- 2.6.3&Y -- Medicines -- heading41 -- 2.7&X -- SUMMARY -- 3.1&X -- WHY AND WHERE CHANNELS OCCUR -- Figure 1 -- Figure 2 -- heading02 -- 3.2&X -- CHANNEL STIMULI AND TYPES OF CHANNELS -- 3.3&X -- VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS -- 3.3.1&Y -- Sodium Channels -- Table 1 -- 3.3.2&Y -- Potassium Channels -- heading07 -- 3.3.3&Y -- Calcium Channels -- 3.4&X -- STRUCTURAL ASPECTS -- 3.4.1&Y -- Topology of the -- Figure 3 -- heading11 -- 3.4.2&Y -- The KcsA Channel Pore -- Figure 4 -- 3.5&X -- LIGAND PROMOTED CHANNEL OPENING -- heading14 -- Table 2 -- 3.5.1&Y -- Ligands and Receptors -- Table 3 -- 3.5.2&Y -- G-protein Linked Receptors -- Figure 5 -- Figure 6 -- Figure 7 -- heading17 -- 3.5.3&Y -- Mediated Transport Systems -- 3.6&X -- PUMPS -- 3.6.1&Y -- Primary Active Transport (ATPases) -- Figure 8 -- 3.6.2&Y -- Secondary Active Transport -- Figure 9 -- 3.7&X -- ION HOMEOSTASIS -- 3.7.1&Y -- pH -- 3.7.2&Y -- Cellular Ca -- Figure 10 -- heading25 -- Figure 11 -- 3.8&X -- MOVING IONS BETWEEN CELLS -- Figure 12 -- heading27 -- 3.9&X -- SUMMARY -- 4.1&X -- REFLEX ARC -- Figure 1 -- Figure 2 -- 4.2 NEURON STRUCTURE -- Figure 3 -- 4.3&X -- NEURON CHARGE -- heading04 -- Figure 5 -- Figure 4 -- 4.4&X -- GENERATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS -- Figure 6 -- heading06 -- Figure 7 -- Figure 8 -- Table 1 -- heading07 -- Figure 9 -- 4.4.1‡The Propagation of Action Potential Along an Axon -- Figure 10 -- heading09 -- Figure 11 -- 4.4.2‡Patterns of Action Potential Firing -- heading11 -- 4.4.3‡Myelin Covering -- heading13 -- 4.5&X -- MALFUNCTIONING OF NEURONS -- 4.5.1‡Intracorporal Upset -- heading16 -- heading17 -- Table 2 -- 4.5.2‡Extracorporal Invasion (Neurotoxins) -- heading19 -- heading20 -- Table 3 -- heading21 -- Table 4 -- Table 5 -- Table 6 -- 4.6&X -- LOCAL ANAESTHETICS -- 4.7&X -- SUMMARY -- 5.1&X -- EXOCYTOSIS -- Figure 1.

5.1.1&Y -- Endocytosis -- Figure 2 -- 5.1.2&Y -- Neurotoxins That Target Exocytosis‡ -- 5.1.3&Y -- Clostridial Toxins -- Table 1 -- heading05 -- 5.2&X -- THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF NEUROSECRETIONS -- 5.3&X -- NEUROTRANSMITTERS -- 5.3.1&Y -- Fate of Neuro-trans-mitter After Use -- heading09 -- 5.3.2‡Manipulation of Neuro-trans-mitter by the Target Cell -- 5.4&X -- INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL (IPSP) -- Figure 3 -- heading12 -- Figure 4 -- Figure 5 -- heading13 -- 5.5&X -- EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL (EPSP) -- 5.6&X -- NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES -- 5.7&X -- NEUROTOXINS THAT TARGET POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTORS -- Table 2 -- heading17 -- Table 3 -- Table 4 -- heading18 -- 5.8&X -- SUMMARY -- Table 5 -- 6.1&X -- MUSCLE TYPES -- 6.2&X -- SKELETAL MUSCLE -- heading03 -- Table 1 -- 6.2.1&Y -- Final Events Leading to Skeletal Muscle Contraction -- Figure 1 -- Figure 2 -- heading05 -- heading06 -- 6.2.2&Y -- Muscle Contraction -- Figure 3 -- Figure 4 -- Figure 5 -- Figure 6 -- heading08 -- Figure 7 -- 6.2.3&Y -- Summary of the Events Be-tween Stimulation and Muscle Contraction -- 6.3&X -- MUSCLE FUNCTIONS -- 6.3.1&Y -- Posture and Movement of Bodies -- heading12 -- 6.3.2&Y -- Production of Sound -- Figure 8 -- heading14 -- 6.3.3&Y -- Insect Flight -- 6.4&X -- CARDIAC MUSCLE -- 6.4.1&Y -- Comparison with Skeletal Muscle -- Figure 9 -- heading18 -- 6.4.2&Y -- Generation of Action Potential -- Figure 10 -- 6.4.3&Y -- Electrocardiogram (ECG) -- Figure 11 -- 6.4.4&Y -- Cardiac Arrhythmias -- Figure 12 -- heading22 -- Table 2 -- heading23 -- 6.4.5&Y -- Nervous Control of Heartbeat -- Figure 13 -- 6.5&X -- SMOOTH MUSCLE -- heading26 -- heading27 -- 6.5.1&Y -- Mechanisms of Contraction -- Figure 14 -- 6.5.2&Y -- Catch Muscle -- heading30 -- 6.5.3&Y -- Abnormalities in Smooth Muscle -- heading32 -- 6.5.4&Y -- Non-muscle Cells -- heading34 -- Figure 15 -- 6.6&X.

ION CHANNELOPATHIES ASSOCIATED WITH MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION -- Figure 16 -- Figure 17 -- Table 3 -- Table 4 -- 6.6.1&Y -- Myotonias -- Table 5 -- Table 6 -- heading37 -- 6.7&X -- SUMMARY -- 7.1&X -- TYPES OF SENSATIONS AND THEIR GENERAL PROCESSING -- Figure 1 -- Table 1 -- heading02 -- Figure 2 -- 7.2&X -- TOUCH AND HEARING -- 7.2.1&Y -- Paramecia Respond to Touch -- heading05 -- 7.2.2&Y -- Cockroaches Respond to Wind -- 7.2.3&Y -- Spiders Respond to Vibrations -- 7.2.4&Y -- Alligators Respond to Ripples on the Surface of the Water -- 7.2.5&Y -- Humans Respond to a Tap on the Knee -- Figure 3 -- 7.3&X -- HEARING IN HUMANS -- Figure 4 -- Figure 5 -- heading11 -- 7.4&X -- SIGHT -- 7.4.1&Y -- Vertebrate Eye -- 7.4.2&Y -- Conversion of Light to Electrical Signals -- Figure 6 -- Figure 7 -- Table 2 -- 7.4.3&Y -- Electroreceptor Cells -- heading16 -- 7.5&X -- SMELL AND TASTE -- 7.5.1&Y -- Vertebrate Olfactory Receptor -- heading19 -- Figure 8 -- 7.5.2&Y -- Vertebrate Taste Receptors -- Figure 9 -- 7.5.3&Y -- Taste Modalities -- heading22 -- heading23 -- Table 3 -- 7.6&X -- HOT AND COLD -- heading25 -- 7.7&X -- PAIN -- Figure 10 -- 7.7.1&Y -- Pain Signalling and Pain Moderation -- Figure 11 -- heading28 -- 7.7.2&Y -- Hot and Cold Pain -- Figure 12 -- heading30 -- 7.8&X -- SUMMARY -- 8.1&X -- GENERAL FEATURES -- heading02 -- Table 1 -- 8.2&X -- IMPORTANCE OF BIOMINERALS TO ORGANISMS -- heading04 -- heading05 -- heading06 -- 8.3&X -- BIOMINERALIZATION IN INVERTEBRATES -- 8.3.1&Y -- Protoctista (Alternative, Protista) -- heading09 -- 8.3.2&Y -- Cnidaria -- 8.3.3&Y -- Crustacea -- 8.3.4&Y -- Mollusca -- heading13 -- Figure 1 -- heading14 -- heading15 -- 8.4&X -- BIOMINERALIZATION IN VERTEBRATES -- 8.4.1&Y -- Otoliths -- heading18 -- heading19 -- 8.4.2&Y -- Bone -- Figure 2 -- heading21 -- 8.4.3&Y -- Teeth -- heading23 -- 8.5&X -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 1‡‡‡‡THE IONS.

mkr14 -- GENERAL TEXTS -- mkr1 -- mkr2 -- mkr3 -- mkr4 -- mkr5 -- mkr6 -- mkr7 -- mkr8 -- mkr9 -- mkr10 -- mkr11 -- mkr12 -- mkr13 -- CHAPTER 1‡‡‡‡THE IONS -- mkr14 -- mkr15 -- mkr16 -- mkr17 -- mkr18 -- mkr19 -- mkr20 -- CHAPTER 2‡‡‡‡BIOLOGICAL ROLES -- mkr21 -- mkr22 -- mkr23 -- mkr24 -- mkr25 -- mkr26 -- mkr27 -- mkr28 -- mkr29 -- mkr30 -- mkr31 -- mkr32 -- CHAPTER 3‡‡‡‡MOVING IONS THROUGH MEMBRANES -- mkr33 -- mkr34 -- mkr35 -- mkr36 -- mkr37 -- mkr38 -- mkr39 -- mkr40 -- mkr41 -- mkr42 -- mkr43 -- mkr44 -- mkr45 -- mkr46 -- CHAPTER 4‡‡‡‡INTRACELLULAR SIGNALLING -- mkr47 -- mkr48 -- mkr49 -- mkr50 -- mkr51 -- mkr52 -- mkr53 -- mkr54 -- mkr55 -- mkr56 -- mkr57 -- mkr58 -- mkr59 -- mkr60 -- mkr61 -- CHAPTER 5‡‡‡‡INTERCELLULAR SIGNALLING -- mkr62 -- mkr63 -- mkr64 -- mkr65 -- mkr66 -- CHAPTER 6‡‡‡‡MUSCLE -- mkr67 -- mkr68 -- mkr69 -- mkr70 -- mkr71 -- mkr72 -- mkr73 -- mkr74 -- mkr75 -- mkr76 -- mkr77 -- mkr78 -- mkr79 -- CHAPTER 7‡‡‡‡SENSES -- mkr80 -- mkr81 -- mkr82 -- mkr83 -- mkr84 -- mkr85 -- mkr86 -- mkr87 -- CHAPTER 8‡‡‡‡BIOMINERALIZATION -- mkr88 -- mkr89 -- mkr90 -- mkr91 -- mkr92 -- mkr93 -- mkr94 -- mkr95.