Cover image for Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals.
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals.
Title:
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals.
Author:
Grandin, Temple.
ISBN:
9780124055087
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (496 pages)
Contents:
Front Cover -- Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- 1 Behavioral Genetics and Animal Science -- Introduction -- Genetics Shapes Behavior -- Genetic Effects of Domestication -- Basic Genetic Mechanisms -- SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) -- Repeats -- CNVs (Copy Number Variations) -- Jumping Genes -- Coding DNA -- Non-Coding DNA, Also Called Regulatory DNA -- Exome -- RNA Transcriptome -- De Novo Mutations -- Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) -- Haplotypes -- Epigenetics -- Lamarckism -- Brain Genetics More Complex Than Other Traits -- A Brief Historical Review of Animal Behavior Study -- Behaviorism -- Instincts Versus Learning -- Ethology -- Ethology and Behaviorism Provide Tools to Study Emotions and Behaviors -- Neuroscience and Behavior -- Emotional Systems Motivate Behavior -- Confusion of Emotional Systems May Confound Studies -- Genetics and Emotional Systems -- Interactions Between Genetics and Experience -- Interactions Between Instinctual Hardwired Behavior and Experience -- The Paradox of Novelty -- Reaction to Novelty -- Genetic Factors and the Need for Novelty -- Temperament is Not Just About Fear -- Species Differences in Emotional Reactions to Similar Tests -- Biological Basis of Fear -- Fearfulness and Instinct -- Nervous System Reactivity Changed by the Environment -- Taming Does Not Change Nervous System Reactivity -- Domestic Versus Wild -- Neoteny -- Overselection for Specific Traits -- Overselection in Livestock -- Links Between Different Traits -- Transgenic Mice -- Random Factors -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Behavioral Genetics and Animal Domestication -- Definition of Domestication -- The Domesticated Phenotype -- Evolutionary Mechanisms in Domestication -- Genetic Mechanisms in Domestication -- Selection -- Artificial Selection.

Relaxed Selection -- Natural Selection -- Inbreeding -- Drift -- Genetic Architecture of Domestication -- What Types of Mutations Cause the Domestic Phenotype? -- Copy Number Variation -- Mapping Genes for Behavior-Top Down Approaches -- Pedigree Studies and Heritability Analysis -- Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Association Mapping -- Selective Sweep Mapping -- Mapping Genes for Behavior-Bottom-Up Approaches -- Effects of Specific Mutations -- Social Aggregation in C. Elegans -- Foraging in Drosophila Larvae and Apis mellifera -- Pigmentation and Behavior -- Neurotransmitters and Social Behavior -- Different Means to the Same Ends -- Epigenetics -- Epigenetic Changes and Long-Time Behavior Modifications -- Epigenetic Changes in Domestication -- Closing Remarks -- References -- 3 How Studying Interactions Between Animal Emotions, Cognition, and Personality Can Contribute to Improve Farm Animal Welfare -- Introduction -- Do Animals Feel Emotions? -- What is the Nature of Animal Sentience? What is an Emotion? What is Stress? -- Fear and Anxiety -- Diversity of Fear-Eliciting Events -- Diversity in Fear-Related Responses -- Various Ways of Assessing Fear and Anxiety -- A Need for a Refined and Structured Methodology in Fear Studies -- Contribution of Cognitive Psychology to Access Animal Emotions -- Influence of Cognitive Processes on Emotions -- Alteration of the Judgment and Decision Making by Emotions -- Animal Individuality in Emotions: the Concept of Personality -- Individual Variability in Emotional Behaviors -- Consistency of Fear-Related Responses Across Different Frightening Situations -- Consistency of Fear-Related Responses Over Time -- Personality as a Complex Intermediate Variable -- Pre-existing Characteristics of Temperament -- Genetic Background and Genetic Models of Emotional Reactivity -- Developmental Aspects.

Personality and Health -- A Concept of Positive Welfare Based on Positive Experiences -- Genetics and Selective Breeding for Alleviating Negative Emotions -- Eliciting Positive Emotions by Enriching the Environment and Management -- Environmental Enrichment -- Positive Human Contact and Training Programs -- Cognitive Enrichment: A New Approach Based on the Animals' Appraisal Abilities -- Promoting Positive Experiences to Mitigate Negative Experiences and to Improve Animal Welfare and Health -- Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Genetics and Behavior During Handling, Restraint, and Herding -- Introduction -- Principles of Herd Behavior -- Visual and Auditory Senses -- Differences in the Strength of Herding Behavior of Cattle and Sheep -- Social Behavior and Handling -- Flight Zone -- Working the Flight Zone -- Measuring Temperament in Livestock -- Tests Designed to Measure Fearfulness -- Restraint Tests -- Exit Speed Tests -- Startle Tests -- Tests that Measure Separation Distress, Fear, and Seeking -- Isolation Tests -- Open Field Tests -- Approach a Novel Objective or Novel Person Test -- Pen Testing -- Other Behavioral Indicators Which May Indicate Genetic Differences in Fear -- Eye White -- Physiological Measures -- Production Traits -- Relationship between Fear and Attraction to Novelty -- Animals with a Fearful Temperament Have More Violent Reactions to a Sudden Novelty -- Animal Reaction to Novelty is Very Specific -- Temperament and Strength of Emotional Responses are Highly Heritable -- Field Observations on Breed Differences in Cattle and Sheep Behavior -- Problems with Crossbred Cattle -- Sire Effect on Behavior -- Individual Differences within a Breed -- Effect of Pig Genetics on Behavior During Handling -- Lean, Rapid-Growing Pigs are More Excitable -- Behavior Problems in Crossbred Beef Cattle During the 1990s.

Animal Size, Body Shape, Coat Color, and Temperament -- Body Type and Temperament in Domestic Animals -- Type and Temperament in Wild Herd Animals -- Coat Color and Temperament -- Hair Whorls -- Hair Whorl Height and Vigilance -- The Effects of early Experience on Handling -- Effects of Environment and Experience on Pigs -- Excellent Memory of Aversive Experiences -- Training Highly Reactive Animals by Introducing Novelty Gradually -- Innate Nervous Fearfulness or Reaction to Separation Stress -- Facilitating Animal Movement in Handling Facilities -- Genetic Effects on Handling Facility Design -- Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 5 Reproductive and Maternal Behavior of Livestock -- General Introduction -- Livestock Reproductive Behavior -- Reproductive Behavior in Cattle -- Male Reproductive Behavior -- Bull Libido/Sex-Drive -- Female Reproductive Behavior -- Cattle Maternal Behavior -- Biostimulation in Cattle -- Reproductive Behavior in Sheep and Goats -- Male Reproductive Behavior -- Female Reproductive Behavior -- Maternal Behavior in Sheep -- Maternal Behavior in Goats -- Biostimulation in Sheep and Goats -- Reproductive Behavior in Swine -- Male Reproductive Behavior -- Female Reproductive Behavior -- Maternal Behavior in Swine -- Biostimulation in Swine -- Reproductive Behavior in Horses -- Male Reproductive Behavior -- Female Reproductive Behavior -- Maternal Behavior of Horses -- Reproductive Behavior in Water Buffalo -- Male Reproductive Behavior -- Maternal Behavior in Water Buffalo -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- 6 Differences in the Behavior of Landraces and Breeds of Dogs -- Five Kinds of Dogs -- Village Dogs -- Ecology -- Phenotype -- Behavior -- Foraging -- Reproduction -- Hazard Avoidance -- Evolution -- Livestock-Guarding Dogs -- Ecology -- Phenotype -- Behavior -- Foraging -- Reproduction.

Hazard Avoidance -- Evolution -- Sled Dogs -- Ecology -- Phenotype -- Behavior -- Foraging -- Reproduction -- Hazard Avoidance -- Evolution -- Herding Dogs and Gun Dogs -- Ecology -- Phenotype -- Behavior -- Foraging -- Reproduction -- Hazard Avoidance -- Evolution -- Household Dogs -- Ecology -- Phenotype -- Behavior -- Foraging -- Reproduction -- Hazard Avoidance -- Evolution -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Behavior Genetics of the Horse (Equus caballus) -- Introduction -- Molecular Behavior Genetics -- Genetic Differences Interact With Environment -- The Effects of Early Experience on Behavior -- Prenatal Effects on Behavior -- Early Postnatal Effects on Behavior Induced by Handling -- Long-Term Effects of Early Intensive Handling -- Early Postnatal Period -- Six Months Old -- Seven Months Old (Weaning) -- One Year Old -- A Non-Intrusive Neonatal Handling Method -- Factors Affecting Attachment to Humans -- Mare Behavior and Human Behavior Influence Foal Behavior -- Serotonin Genes and Maternal Behavior -- Training Foals to Accept Handling -- Wearing a Halter and Hoof Handling -- Subtle Individual Differences -- More Factors that Affecting Bonding with Humans -- Genetics and Temperament: Origins and Outcomes -- Temperament Tests -- Behavioral Measures -- Physiological Measures -- The Relationship Between Hair Whorls and Behavior -- Personal Observations -- Hair Whorls and Side Preferences -- Hair Whorls, Temperament, Side Preference, and Environmental Interactions -- The Paradox of Double Hair Whorls -- The Heritability of Hair Whorls -- Many Traits are Conserved -- A Predisposition to Pathology? -- The Science of Hair Whorls in Humans -- Hair Whorls in Cattle -- Hair Whorls in Horses -- Increase of Double Whorls in Racing and Jumping Horses -- Hair Whorl Height and Reactivity in Horses -- Lateralization in the Nervous System.

Laterality in Horses.
Abstract:
Behavior is shaped by both genetics and experience--nature and nurture. This book synthesizes research from behavioral genetics and animal and veterinary science, bridging the gap between these fields. The objective is to show that principles of behavioral genetics have practical applications to agricultural and companion animals. The continuing domestication of animals is a complex process whose myriad impacts on animal behavior are commonly under-appreciated. Genetic factors play a significant role in both species-specific behaviors and behavioral differences exhibited by individuals in the same species. Leading authorities explore the impact of increased intensities of selection on domestic animal behavior. Rodents, cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, herding and guard dogs, and poultry are all included in these discussions of genetics and behavior, making this book useful to veterinarians, livestock producers, laboratory animal researchers and technicians, animal trainers and breeders, and any researcher interested in animal behavior. Includes four new chapters on dog and fox behavior, pig behavior, the effects of domestication and horse behavior Synthesizes research from behavioral genetics, animal science, and veterinary literature Broaches fields of behavior genetics and behavioral research Includes practical applications of principles discovered by behavioral genetics researchers Covers many species ranging from pigs, dogs, foxes, rodents, cattle, horses, and cats.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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