Summary -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Subject and Plan of the Study -- 1.2 The Intellectual Context -- 1.2.1 The Perspective of Complex Adaptive Systems -- 1.2.2 The Modelling Approach -- 1.2.3 Evolution of Religion on Multiple Levels -- 1.2.4 Norm Groups Emerge from Psychological Rudiments -- 1.2.5 Difference to Economist Approaches -- 1.3 Research Questions and Methodology -- 2 Cooperation as a Human Puzzle -- 2.1 Ubiquitous Cooperation -- 2.2 Evolutionary Considerations -- 2.2.1 Kin, Reciprocity, Reputation -- 2.2.2 Cultural Group Selection -- 2.2.3 Costly Signaling -- 2.3 Social Psychology of Norms -- 2.4 The Strategic Role of Emotions -- 2.5 Chapter Conclusions -- 3 Religion as a Solution to Social Dilemmas -- 3.1 Effects of Religion on Prosocial Behavior: Four Predictions -- 3.1.1 Reputational Concern -- 3.1.2 Cues of the Supernatural -- 3.1.3 Morally Concerned Deities -- 3.1.4 Signals of Commitment -- 3.2 Evaluation of the Signaling Hypothesis -- 3.2.1 The Problem of Underlying Quality -- 3.2.2 The Problem of Ideological Content -- 3.2.3 The Problem of Emotions -- 3.3 Chapter Conclusions -- 4 Deprivation, Hazards, and Religious Revivals -- 4.1 The Deprivation Theory -- 4.2 The Hazard-Precaution System -- 4.3 Religion as a Survival Strategy -- 4.4 Collapse and Revival in a Simulated Social Network -- 4.5 Kinds of Revivals and Cultural Inertia -- 4.6 Chapter Conclusions -- 5 Revivalism in early Nineteenth Century Finland -- 5.1 Revivalism as Homogeneous Phenomena -- 5.2 The Socioeconomic Context -- 5.2.1 Land Reforms and Growth of the Agrarian Populace -- 5.2.2 Rigid Economic System under Mercantilism -- 5.2.3 Clergy and the Conventicle Placard -- 5.3 Three Revivals -- 5.3.1 The Jumping Revival -- 5.3.2 The Kuortane Revival -- 5.3.3 Ostrobothnian Skörts.

6 From the Deprived to the Revived: A Self-Organizatory Process -- 6.1 Social Composition of the Revived -- 6.1.1 The Jumping Revival -- 6.1.2 The Kuortane Revival -- 6.1.3 Ostrobothnian Skörts -- 6.1.4 Comparison of Social Profiles -- 6.2 Self-Organization among the Revived -- 6.2.1 Behavioral Requirements and Group Demarcation -- 6.2.2 Emotional Signaling -- 6.2.3 Evidence of Norm Observance and Cohesion -- 7 Discussion and Conclusions -- 7.1 Summary: Beyond Sociohistorical Explanations -- 7.1.1 Who Had Cause to Communicate Commitment? -- 7.1.2 Was Joining a Revival Costly? -- 7.1.3 Were Conventicles Rituals? -- 7.1.4 Was the God of the Revived a Moralist? -- 7.1.5 Finnish Revivals as Cultural Group Selection -- 7.2 Future Research -- 7.2.1 Reinvestigating the Role of Religious Leadership -- 7.2.2 Simulation Experiments and Religions as Complex Adaptive Systems -- 7.2.3 Revival Movements' Divergent Trajectories -- 7.2.4 Revivals and Enclosures -- 8 Sources -- 9 References -- Index.