Contents -- Foreword by Norman E. Borlaug -- Preface -- About the Author -- Chapter 1. Exploiting Developments in Science for New Bioscience Enterprises -- 1.1 What is "Bioscience"? -- 1.2 What are "Bioscience Enterprises"? -- 1.3 Creating Value from Bioscience Through Entrepreneurship -- 1.4 Creating Value in Biotech Seed Enterprises -- 1.5 Value of the Biosciences Product Market -- 1.6 Why Excitement over Bioscience Enterprise? -- 1.7 A Brief Description of Conventional Bioscience Enterprises -- 1.7.1 Raw biocommodities -- 1.7.2 High-quality seed material using hybrids -- 1.7.3 High-quality seed material using tissue culture -- 1.7.4 Biofermentation -- 1.7.5 Biofertilizers -- 1.7.6 Biopesticides -- 1.7.7 Biofuels -- 1.7.8 Bioremediation -- 1.7.9 Novel bioscience enterprises based on genetic engineering (genetically modified plants and biotech crops) -- 1.8 Who are the Players in Bioscience Enterprises? (Private versus Public) -- 1.9 The Issue of Intellectual Property Protection for Biological Material and Processes -- 1.10 Outlook on Bioscience Products for the Marketplace - A New Playing Field and the New Agriculture -- Annex: Brief Chronology of the Biotechnology Revolution -- References -- Chapter 2. Hybrid Plant and Seed Varieties -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 History of hybrid plant and seed varieties -- 2.2 The Science and Technology Behind the Hybrid Seed Business -- 2.2.1 What are hybrid varieties? -- 2.2.2 Uniformity in hybrid varieties -- 2.2.3 Hybridizing mechanism -- 2.2.3.1 The mechanical route -- 2.2.3.2 The chemical route -- 2.2.3.3 The genetic route -- 2.3 SWOT Analysis -- 2.3.1 Strengths -- 2.3.2 Weaknesses -- 2.3.3 Opportunities -- 2.3.4 Threats -- 2.4 "Freedom to Operate" Issues -- 2.4.1 Farmers' dependence on hybrid seeds -- 2.4.2 Ethical issues -- 2.5 Product Range -- 2.6 How Value is Created from Hybrid Seeds.

2.7 Current Market Size -- 2.8 Players in the Hybrid Seed Business -- 2.9 Growth Potential -- References -- Chapter 3. Tissue Culture as a Bioscience Enterprise -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Science and Technology Behind the Tissue Culture Business -- 3.2.1 What is tissue culture? -- 3.2.1.1 Micropropagation -- 3.2.1.2 Meristem culture -- 3.2.1.3 Embryo culture -- 3.2.2 Tissue culture techniques -- 3.2.2.1 Initiating tissue culture -- 3.2.2.2 Tissue culture media -- 3.2.2.3 Maintaining cultures -- 3.2.2.4 Subculturing -- 3.2.2.5 Physical facilities and equipment -- 3.2.2.6 General requirements for a tissue culture laboratory -- 3.3 Product Range -- 3.3.1 Applications of tissue culture -- 3.3.1.1 Selection of superior plants by tissue culture -- 3.3.1.2 Selection and multiplication of pathogen-free plants -- 3.3.1.3 Somatic hybridization -- 3.3.1.4 Plant propagation -- 3.3.2 Seed material produced using tissue culture -- 3.3.2.1 Herbaceous ornamentals -- 3.3.2.2 Plants producing bulbs and corms -- 3.3.2.3 Cacti -- 3.3.2.4 Ferns and club mosses -- 3.3.2.5 Orchids -- 3.3.2.6 Woody ornamentals -- 3.3.2.7 Tree species -- 3.3.2.8 Fruit and nut crops -- 3.3.2.9 Cereals, bamboo and grasses -- 3.3.2.10 Root and tuber crops -- 3.3.2.11 Storage and grain legumes -- 3.3.2.12 Tropical and subtropical crops -- 3.3.2.13 Vegetables -- 3.4 Exemplifying Costs for Establishing and Operating a Biobusiness Based on Tissue Culture -- 3.5 SWOT Analysis -- 3.5.1 Strengths -- 3.5.2 Weaknesses -- 3.5.3 Opportunities -- 3.5.4 Threats -- 3.6 The Value Chain in Tissue Culture Enterprises -- 3.6.1 Range of enterprises -- 3.6.2 Marketing propagated plants -- 3.6.3 Patents on tissue culture products -- 3.7 Market Size in Various Geographic Regions -- 3.8 Players in the Tissue Culture Business -- 3.9 Growth Potential -- References.

Chapter 4. Biofermentation, Biofertilizers and Biopesticides -- 4.1 Biofermentation -- 4.1.1 The product range -- 4.1.2 The science and technology behind the business -- 4.1.2.1 Process of biofermentation -- 4.1.2.2 Exemplifying costs for establishing and operating a biobusiness on biofermentation -- 4.1.3 SWOT analysis -- 4.1.3.1 Strengths -- 4.1.3.2 Weaknesses -- 4.1.3.3 Opportunities -- 4.1.3.4 Threats -- 4.1.4 Value creation and value capture -- 4.1.5 Players in the biofermentation business -- 4.1.6 Current market size and growth potential -- 4.1.7 References -- 4.2 Biofertilizers -- 4.2.1 The product range -- 4.2.2 The science and technology behind the business -- 4.2.2.1 Mycorrhiza fungi as biofertilizers -- 4.2.2.2 How do mycorrhiza fungi products work? -- 4.2.2.3 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) -- 4.2.2.4 Blue-green algae -- 4.2.3 SWOT analysis -- 4.2.3.1 Strengths -- 4.2.3.2 Weaknesses -- 4.2.3.3 Opportunities -- 4.2.3.4 Threats -- 4.2.4 Players in the business -- 4.2.5 Growth potential -- 4.2.6 References -- 4.3 Biopesticides -- 4.3.1 The product range -- 4.3.2 The science and technology behind the business -- 4.3.2.1 Living microbes -- 4.3.2.2 Insecticidal toxins -- 4.3.2.3 Bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases -- 4.3.2.4 Fungi for biocontrol -- 4.3.2.5 Viruses for biocontrol of insect pests -- 4.3.2.6 Production methods -- 4.3.3 SWOT analysis -- 4.3.3.1 Strengths -- 4.3.3.2 Weaknesses -- 4.3.3.3 Opportunities -- 4.3.3.4 Threats -- 4.3.4 Value creation and value capture -- 4.3.5 Players in the business -- 4.3.6 Market size and growth potential -- 4.3.7 References -- Chapter 5. Mushroom Culture as a Bioscience Enterprise -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Mushroom anatomy -- 5.1.2 Lifecycle -- 5.2 The Product Range -- 5.2.1 Shiitake -- 5.2.2 Oyster mushroom -- 5.2.3 Enoki -- 5.2.4 Reishi or ling chi -- 5.2.5 Padistraw mushroom.

5.2.6 Wood ear -- 5.3 The Science and Technology Behind a Mushroom Enterprise -- 5.3.1 Growing containers -- 5.3.2 Growth medium -- 5.3.3 Spawn -- 5.3.4 Harvesting -- 5.3.5 Physical facilities and equipment -- 5.3.6 Case study: The production processes of several commercially important Asian mushrooms -- 5.3.6.1 Oyster mushrooms -- 5.3.6.2 Enoki -- 5.3.6.3 Padistraw mushroom -- 5.3.6.4 Wood ear -- 5.4 Enterprise Issues in Mushroom Businesses -- 5.4.1 The value chain -- 5.5 Exemplifying Costs for Establishing a Biobusiness in Mushroom Culture -- 5.6 Players in the Mushroom Business -- 5.7 Growth Potential -- References -- Chapter 6. Biofuels -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What is the Product Range? -- 6.2.1 Plant species for producing biofuels -- 6.2.2 Bioalcohols currently used for transport -- 6.3 The Science and Technology Behind the Business -- 6.3.1 Case study: Fermentation and hydrolysis to bioethanol and biomethanol -- 6.3.2 Case study: Vegetable oil extraction - Solvent extraction technique -- 6.3.3 Case study: Production of biodiesel -- 6.3.3.1 Biodiesel: Fuel quality, standards and properties -- 6.3.3.2 Production of biodiesel -- 6.4 Value Creation in Biofuels -- 6.5 Current Market Size -- 6.6 Players in the Asian Biofuel Business -- 6.6.1 China -- 6.6.2 India -- 6.6.3 Philippines -- 6.6.4 Thailand -- 6.7 SWOT Analysis -- 6.7.1 Strengths -- 6.7.2 Weaknesses -- 6.7.3 Opportunities -- 6.7.4 Threats -- 6.8 "Freedom to Operate" Issues -- 6.9 Growth Potential -- References -- Chapter 7. Bioremediation -- 7.1 Product Range -- 7.2 The Science and Technology Behind the Business -- 7.2.1 Site characterization -- 7.2.2 Microbiological characterization -- 7.2.3 Environmental factors -- 7.2.4 Bioremediation of polluted environments -- 7.2.4.1 Aboveground bioreactors -- 7.2.4.2 Solid phase treatment -- 7.2.4.3 Composting -- 7.2.4.4 Landfarming.

7.2.4.5 In situ bioremediation -- 7.2.5 Phytoextraction of metals - Bioremediation using plants -- 7.3 How is Value Created and Captured? -- 7.4 Current Market Size -- 7.5 Who and Where are the Players in the Bioremediation Business? -- 7.6 SWOT Analysis -- 7.6.1 Strengths -- 7.6.2 Weaknesses -- 7.6.3 Opportunities -- 7.6.4 Threats -- 7.7 "Freedom to Operate" Issues -- 7.8 Growth Potential -- References -- Chapter 8. Biodetection - Diagnosing Plant Diseases and Detecting Genetically Modified Food -- 8.1 Diagnostic Kits for Plant Pathogens -- 8.1.1 The science and technology behind biodetection of plant pathogens -- 8.1.1.1 ELISA diagnostic kits -- 8.1.1.2 Direct tissue blotting -- 8.1.1.3 Nucleic acid probes and hybridization testing -- 8.1.1.4 Squash blot method -- 8.1.1.5 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -- 8.1.2 SWOT analysis -- 8.1.2.1 Strengths -- 8.1.2.2 Weaknesses -- 8.1.2.3 Opportunities -- 8.1.2.4 Threats -- 8.1.3 "Freedom to operate" issues -- 8.1.4 Product range -- 8.1.5 Value creation in the biodetection industry -- 8.1.6 Players in the business -- 8.2 Biodetection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Food -- 8.2.1 The science and technology behind detecting genetically modified organisms through biodetection -- 8.2.1.1 DNA-based detection of new genes -- 8.2.1.2 Southern blot technique -- 8.2.1.3 Qualitative PCR technique -- 8.2.1.4 Quantitative competitive PCR -- 8.2.1.5 Quantitative real-time PCR -- 8.2.1.6 Exhaustive limiting dilution PCR method -- 8.2.1.7 Protein-based testing methods -- 8.2.1.8 Western blot -- 8.2.1.9 ELISA -- 8.2.1.10 Lateral flow strip -- 8.2.1.11 Reference materials for GMO testing -- 8.2.2 SWOT analysis -- 8.2.2.1 Strengths -- 8.2.2.2 Weaknesses -- 8.2.2.3 Opportunities -- 8.2.2.4 Threats -- 8.2.3 "Freedom to operate" (FTO) issues -- 8.2.3.1 United States -- 8.2.3.2 European Union -- 8.2.3.3 Canada.

8.2.3.4 Australia and New Zealand.