CONTENTS -- Stochastic Generation of Multi-Site Rainfall Occurrences Ratnasingham Srikanthan and Geoffrey G. S. Pegram -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Multi-Site Rainfall Occurrence Model -- 2.1. Hidden covariance model -- 3. Daily Rainfall Data -- 4. Discussion of Results -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A Spatial-Temporal Downscaling Approach for Construction of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Consideration of GCM-Based Climate Change Scenarios Tan-Danh Nguyen, Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen and Philippe Gachon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Spatial-Temporal Downscaling Method -- 2.1. Spatial downscaling technique using SDSM -- 2.2. A temporal downscaling method using the scaling GEV distribution -- 3. Numerical Application -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Development and Applications of the Advanced Regional Eta-Coordinate Numerical Heavy-Rain Prediction Model System in China Cui Chunguang, Li Jun and Shi Yan -- 1. Development of Advanced Regional Eta Model -- 2. Application of AREM in China -- 2.1. Precipitation forecast experiments of different operational models -- 2.2. Temporal and spatial evolvement forecast experiment of AREM -- 2.3. Simulation experiments of some important rain event -- 2.4. Data assimilation experiments based on AREM -- 3. Considerations for Further Development -- References -- Method of Correcting Variance of Point Monthly Rainfall Directly Estimated Using Low Frequent Observations From Space Eiichi Nakakita, Syunsuke Okane and Lisako Konoshima -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Correction of the Variance of Point Monthly Rainfall -- 2.1. Feasibility of correction -- 2.2. Modeling the relationship between the sample variance of the monthly precipitation and the number of observations -- 3. Verification of the Model Equation of the Sample Variance -- 3.1. Verification using information from the ground-based radar.

3.2. Verification using information from the ground-based radar considering observation frequency of the TRMM/PR -- 3.3. Validation using TRMM/PR observation -- 4. Intoducing Spatial Correlation and Estimation of Temporal and Spatial, Correlation Lengths -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Monte Carlo Simulation for Calculating Drought Characteristics Chavalit Chaleeraktrakoon and Supamit Noikumsin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simplified Monte Carlo Simulation Approach -- 3. Drought Characteristics -- 4. Assessment of the Simulation Approach -- 4.1. Medium-scale system -- 4.2. Large-scale system -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- On Regional Estimation of Floods for Ungaged Sites Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Scaling Approach to Regional Estimation of Floods -- 2.1. The scaling process -- 2.2. The scaling GEV distribution -- 3. Numerical Application -- 3.1. Delineation of homogeneous regions -- 3.2. Estimation of quantiles for ungaged sites -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Determination of Confidence Limits for Model Estimation Using Resampling Techniques N. K. M. Nanseer, M. J. Hall and H. F. P. Van Den Boogaard -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Application 1 - Spreadsheet Models -- 2.1. Spreadsheet models -- 2.1.1. Model 1 - Single linear reservoir -- 2.1.2. Model 2 - Two-parallel linear reservoirs equally distributed -- 2.1.3. Model 3 - Two-parallel linear reservoirs unequally distributed -- 2.2. Methodology -- 2.3. Analysis of results -- 2.3.1. Distribution of model parameters -- 2.3.2. Determination of uncertainty limits for model estimation -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Real-Time High-Volume Data Transfer and Processing for e-VLBI Yasuhiro Koyama, Tetsuro Kondo, Moritaka Kimura, Masaki Hirabaru and Hiroshi Takeuchi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Developments of the K5 System.

3. e-VLBI Data Transfer Using VSI-E -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A Comparison of Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Networks in Hydrological/ Meteorological Time Series Prediction Dulakshi S. K. Karunasingha and Shie-Yui Liong -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Long-Term Water and Sediment Change Detection in a Small Mountainous Tributary of the Lower Pearl River, China S. Zhang and X. X. Lu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study Area -- 3. Data Series and Methodology -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussions -- 5.1. The impacts of climate change -- 5.2. The impacts of reservoir construction -- 5.3. The impacts of land use change -- 5.4. The impacts of other anthropogenic disturbances -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Flow Structure and Air Entrainment in Riparian Ri.es in Seomjin River Jin-Hong Kim -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Field Investigation of Riffle-Pool Sequence -- 3. Measurement of Air Entrainment and Slopes of Water Surface -- 4. Results and Discussions -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Application of a Sediment Information System to the Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River, China Shuyou Cao, Xingnian Liu, Kejun Yang and Changzhi Li -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Design of Map Subsystem -- 2.1. Logical structure -- 2.2. Database design -- 2.3. Model library -- 2.4. Knowledge library design -- 2.5. Interface design -- 2.6. Network design -- 3. Development -- 3.1. Development tools -- 3.2. Coding -- 3.3. Data preprocessing -- 4. Main Functions -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Spatial Distribution of Nitrate in Mizoro-Ga-Ike, a Pond With Floating Mat Bog Tetsuya Shimamura, Yasuhiro Takemon, Ken'ichi Osaka, Masayuki Itoh and Nobuhito Ohte -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Study site -- 2.2. Sampling sites and methods.

2.3. Chemical analyses -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Spatial distribution of EC and nitrate -- 3.2. Southern pathway -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Effect of Population Growths on Water Resources in Dubai Emirate, United Arab Emirates Hind S. Al-Nuaimi and Ahmed A. Murad -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Setting -- 3. Water Resources Assessment -- 4. Population Growth and Water Resources -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Effects of Sand Dune and Vegetation in the Coastal Area of Sri Lanka at the Indian Ocean Tsunami Norio Tanaka, Yasushi Sasaki and M. I. M. Mowjood -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Field Survey and Analysis -- 2.1. Field survey -- 2.2. Analysis of drag-force coeffcient using representative trees -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Examples of coastal vegetation effect on tsunami protection in Sri Lanka -- 3.1.1. Medilla -- 3.1.2. Kalutara -- 3.2. Characteristics of representative coastal vegetation -- 3.3. Breaking condition of representative species -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Changes in coastal vegetation and sand dunes for human needs and their effects on tsunami protection -- 4.2. Disaster prevention functions of coastal vegetation -- 4.3. Effect of horizontal and vertical forest structures -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Using Managed Aquifer Recharge to Remove Contaminants from Water Simon Toze -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Water sustainability -- 1.2. Managed aquifer recharge -- 2. Fate of Problem Contaminants During MAR -- 2.1. Removal of microbial pathogens during MAR -- 2.2. Fate of trace organics during MAR -- 2.3. Removal of nutrients during MAR -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Finite-Difference Method Three-Dimensional Model for Seepage Analysis Through Fordyce Dam Samuel Sangwon Lee and Takeshi Yamashita -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model Construction -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusions.

Acknowledgments -- References -- Development of Unsaturated-Zone Leaching and Saturated-Zone Mixing Model Samuel Sangwon Lee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Governing Equation and Boundary and Initial Conditions -- 2.1. Unsaturated-zone transport -- 2.2. Saturated-zone mixing -- 3. Numerical Implementation -- 3.1. Unsaturated-zone leaching -- 3.2. Numerical stability -- 3.3. Saturated-zone mixing -- 4. Program Execution -- 4.1. Problem descriptions -- 4.2. Results -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Analytical Estimation of Potential Groundwater Resources in Coastal Areas Namsik Park, Sung-Hun Hong, Kyung-Soo Seo and Lei Cui -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analytical Solution -- 3. Potential Groundwater Resources -- 4. Design Curves -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Verification of the Combined Model of a Geyser (a Periodic Bubbling Spring) by Underground Investigation of Kibedani Geyser Hiroyuki Kagami -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method of Observation and Analysis -- 2.1. Location of observation points -- 2.2. Geological exploration -- 2.3. Analysis of hot spring water -- 2.4. Radioactive prospecting -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Geological exploration -- 3.2. Analysis of hot spring water -- 4. Discussions -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.