Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: One Hundred Years of Chromatography -- Steps in the Evolution of Chromatography -- References -- Part One: THE PRECURSORS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 1. Chromatography in the Ancient World -- 1.1. Was Moses The First Chromatographer? -- 1.2. Did Pliny The Elder Use Planar Chromatography? -- References -- 2. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: "Self-Grown Pictures" as Precursors of Paper Chromatography -- 2.1. Runge's Life and Activities -- 2.2. Runge's Chemistry Textbooks -- 2.3. Investigation of Dyes -- 2.4. The Formation of Characteristic Patterns -- 2.5. Runge's Philosophy Concerning The "Self-Grown Pictures" -- 2.6. The "Od" -- 2.7. Runge's "Self-Grown Pictures" and Chromatography -- References -- 3. Early Petroleum Chromatographers -- 3.1. David T. Day -- 3.2. Joseph E. Gilpin -- 3.3. Carl Engler -- 3.4. Other Scientists -- 3.4.1. Leo Ubbelohde -- 3.4.2. Russian Petroleum Chemists -- 3.5. Controversy -- 3.6. Chromatography and the Cold War -- References -- Part Two: M. S. TSWETT AND THE DISCOVERY OF CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 4. M. S. Tswett, and the Invention of Chromatography Part I: Life and Early Work (1872-1903) -- 4.1. The Life of M. S. Tswett -- 4.2. Early Investigations -- 4.3. In Warsaw (1901-1903) -- References -- 5. M. S. Tswett and the Invention of Chromatography Part II: Completion of the Development (1903-1910) -- 5.1. Controversy -- 5.2. Tswett's Two Publications On Chromatography -- 5.3. Polemics -- 5.4. Tswett's 1910 Book -- 5.5. Postwords -- References -- 6. M. S. Tswett and the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry -- 6.1. The Nobel Prizes -- 6.2. The Nominations for the 1918 Chemistry Prize -- 6.3. Tswett's Nomination -- 6.4. Evaluation -- References -- Part Three: THE FIRST PIONEERS IN THE USE OF CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 7. Gottfried Kränzlin, the First Follower of Tswett -- 7.1. G. Kränzlin and his Work.

7.2. Kränzlin's Thesis -- 7.3. Chromatography in Kränzlin's Thesis -- 7.4. Kränzlin's Place in the Evolution of Chromatography -- 7.5. Postscript -- References -- 8. Charles Dhéré - Pioneer and Tswett Biographer -- 8.1. Dhéré's Life -- His Field of Interest -- 8.2. Rogowski and His Chromatography Work -- 8.2.1. Rogowski's Life -- 8.2.2. Rogowski's Thesis Work -- 8.2.3. Dhéré and Tswett -- 8.3. Vegezzi and His Thesis Work -- 8.4. Later Work of Dhéré -- 8.5. Dhéré's Paper on Tswett -- 8.6. Conclusions -- References -- 9. L. S. Palmer and the Beginnings of Chromatography in the United States -- 9.1. Palmer's Life -- 9.2. Palmer's Research Activities -- 9.3. Chromatography in Palmer's Work -- 9.4. Chromatography in Palmer's Book -- 9.5. Palmer as the Transition Between Tswett and The "Rebirth" of Chromatography -- References -- 10. Katharine Hope Coward: A Pioneering User of Chromatography -- 10.1. K. H. Coward - Her Life -- 10.2. The State of Science in Coward's Time -- 10.2.1. Nutrition and Vitamins -- 10.2.2. Carotenoids -- 10.3. The Scope of Coward's Work in the 1920s -- 10.3.1. Coward and Chromatography -- 10.4. Postscript -- References -- 11. Theodor Lippmaa, A Forgotten Chromatographer -- 11.1. The Separation of Carotenoids -- 11.2. Postscript -- References -- Part Four: THE REBIRTH OF CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 12. The Rebirth of Chromatography -- 12.1. Richard Kuhn -- 12.2. The Field of Carotenoids -- 12.3. Edgar Lederer and the Rebirth of Chromatography -- 12.4. Further Activities -- References -- 13. The Rapid Spreading of the Technique -- 13.1. The Zurich Schools -- 13.2. Activities of Zechmeister -- 13.3. Beginnings of Inorganic Chromatography -- 13.4. Flow-Through Chromatograms -- References -- Part Five: THE EVOLUTION OF THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES -- 14. The Development of Partition Chromatography -- 14.1. The Start at Cambridge University.

14.2. The Birth of Partition Chromatography -- 14.3. Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography -- References -- 15. Paper Chromatography -- 15.1. The Precursors -- 15.1.1. F. F. Runge -- 15.1.2. Capillary Analysis -- 15.2. The Invention of Paper Chromatography -- References -- 16. The Evolution of Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 16.1. The Beginnings -- 16.2. TLC Matures -- 16.3. The Activities of Egon Stahl -- 16.4. High Performance TLC -- 16.5. Forced-Flow TLC -- 16.6. Newer Developments -- References -- Part Six: ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 17. Preparative Ion-Exchange Chromatography and the Manhattan Project -- 17.1. Background -- 17.2. The Rare Earth Project at Ames -- 17.2.1. Methodology -- 17.2.2. Separation of the Individual Rare Earths -- 17.2.3. Displacement Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 17.3. Postscript -- References -- 18. The Development of the Amino Acid Analyzer -- 18.1. Amino Acid Research at the Rockefeller Institute -- 18.2. Production of the Amino Acid Analyzer -- 18.3. Other Methods -- References -- Part Seven: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 19. Early Development of Gas Adsorption Chromatography -- 19.1. Analysis of Natural Gas -- 19.2. Claesson's System -- 19.3. Gerhard Hesse -- 19.4. The First Real Gas Chromatograph of Cremer -- 19.5. C. S. G. Phillips -- References -- 20. The Janák-Type Gas Chromatographs of the 1950s -- References -- 21. The Beginning of GC Instrumentation -- 21.1. Burrell's Kromo-Tog -- 21.2. Perkin-Elmer's Vapor Fractometer -- 21.3. Additional Instruments -- References -- 22. The Invention, Development, and Triumph of the Flame-Ionization Detector -- 22.1. Background -- 22.2. Invention -- 22.2.1. Work in Australia -- 22.2.2. Work in South Africa -- 22.3. Further Developments -- 22.4. Instrumentation -- 22.5. Patents -- 22.6. Triumph -- 22.7. Personalities -- References.

23. The Development of the Electron-Capture Detector -- 23.1. Inventions -- 23.1.1. First Stage: An Anemometer -- 23.1.2. Second Stage: Search for a High-Sensitivity Detector -- 23.1.3. Third State: The AID -- 23.1.4. Fourth State: The Invention of the ECD -- 23.2. Commercial Realization of the ECD -- 23.3. The Electron Capture Detector and the Environmental Movement -- 23.3.1. The Chlorofluorocarbon Problem -- References -- 24. Evolution of Open-Tubular (Capillary) Columns for Gas Chromatography -- 24.1. Invention -- 24.2. Realization -- 24.3. Columns Made of Metal -- 24.4. Coating Technique -- 24.5. Columns Made of Plastic Tubing -- 24.6. The Era of Glass Capillary Columns -- 24.7. Fused-Silica Columns -- 24.8. Immobilized and Bonded Stationary Phases -- References -- 25. The Beginnings of Headspace Analysis -- 25.1. First Uses of Headspace Sampling -- 25.2. Investigation of Food Volatiles -- 25.3. Determination of Alcohol in Blood -- 25.4. Automated and Integrated HSGC Systems -- References -- Part Eight: MODERN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 26. The Evolution of Modern Liquid Chromatography -- 26.1. From LC to HPLC -- 26.2. The Basics of HPLC -- 26.2.1. Name -- 26.2.2. Differences -- 26.3. Pioneers in HPLC -- 26.4. Bonded Phases -- References -- 27. The Development of the First High-Pressure Liquid Chromatograph at Yale University -- 27.1. Personalities -- 27.2. The Development of the First High-Pressure Liquid Chromatograph -- 27.3. The Rapid Spreading of HPLC -- 27.4. Nomenclature -- 27.5. Postscript -- References -- 28. The Development of GPC and the First Commercial HPLC Instruments -- 28.1. Early Activities -- 28.2. The Breakthrough: GPC -- 28.3. Liquid Chromatography -- References -- Part Nine: THE MOST IMPORTANT CHROMATOGRAPHY MEETINGS -- 29. Two Early Chromatography Symposia -- 29.1. The 1946 Conference on Chromatography.

29.2. The 1949 Faraday Society Symposium -- 29.2.1. Theory -- 29.2.2. Partition Chromatography -- 29.2.3. Adsorbents -- 29.2.4. Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 29.2.5. Separation by Molecular Size -- 29.2.6. Gas Chromatography -- References -- 30. Early European Symposia Showing the Direction for the Evolution of Gas Chromatography -- 30.1. The Start of GC in England -- 30.2. The Ardeer Symposium -- 30.3. The 1956 London Symposium -- 30.4. The 1958 Amsterdam Symposium -- References -- 31. Early GC Symposia in the United States -- 31.1. The Early American Symposia -- 31.2. The 1956 Dallas ACS Symposium -- 31.3. The 1957 ISA Symposium -- 31.4. The 1959 ISA Symposium -- 31.5. The 1958 Conference of the New York Academy of Sciences -- References -- 32. Two Symposia, When HPLC was Young -- 32.1. The 1969 Las Vegas Symposium -- 32.2. The 1973 Interlaken Symposium -- References -- Index.