Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 What Is Structural Color? -- 1.2 Historical Review -- 2. Fundamentals of Structural Coloration -- 2.1 Fundamental Properties of Light -- 2.1.1 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave -- 2.1.2 Fresnel's Law -- 2.1.3 Polarizations -- 2.2 Thin-Film Interference -- 2.3 Multilayer Interference -- 2.4 Diffraction of Light and Diffraction Grating -- 2.5 Photonic Crystals -- 2.6 Light Scattering -- 3. Butterflies and Moths -- 3.1 General Descriptions -- 3.1.1 Phylogeny of the Lepidoptera -- 3.1.2 Lepidopteran Scales -- 3.2 Morpho Butterflies -- 3.2.1 General Remarks -- 3.2.2 Basic Observations -- 3.2.3 History of the Morpho Studies -- 3.2.4 Progress in the Morpho Studies After the 1990s -- 3.2.5 Physical Interpretation of the Morpho Coloring -- 3.2.5.1 Microscopic Observations -- 3.2.5.2 Optical Measurements -- 3.2.5.3 A Simple Model Based on Light Diffraction and Interference -- 3.2.5.4 High Reflectivity of the Morpho Wing -- 3.2.5.5 Effect of Pigment -- 3.2.5.6 Role of Cover Scale -- 3.2.5.7 Reproduction of Morpho Blue -- 3.2.5.8 Summary of the Morpho Blue -- 3.2.6 Morpho Mimicry -- 3.3 Overview of the Structural Coloration in Butter.ies andMoths -- 3.3.1 Papilioninae (Papilionidae) -- 3.3.2 Pierinae and Coliadinae (Pieridae) -- 3.3.3 Lycaenidae -- 3.3.4 Nymphalidae -- 3.3.5 Hesperiidae (Hesperioidea) -- 3.3.6 Moths -- 3.3.7 Moth Eye -- 4. Beetles and Other Insects -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Beetles -- 4.2.1 Scarabaeid Beetles -- 4.2.2 Jewel Beetles, Leaf Beetles, and Tiger Beetles -- 4.2.3 Scale-Bearing Beetles: Weevils -- 4.2.4 Color-Changing Beetles -- 4.3 Damselflies and Dragonflies -- 4.4 Shield Bugs and Cicadas -- 4.5 Other Insects -- 5. Birds -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Peacocks, Pheasants, and Ducks -- 5.3 Hummingbirds -- 5.4 Trogons -- 5.5 Pigeons.

5.6 Non-iridescent Colorations - King.shers, Parakeets, Cotingas, and Jays -- 6. Fish -- 6.1 General Description -- 6.2 Static Iridophores -- 6.3 Motile Iridophores -- 6.4 Corneal Iridescence -- 7. Plants -- 8. Miscellaneous -- 8.1 Shells -- 8.2 Spiders -- 8.3 Marine Animals -- 9. Mathematical Background -- 9.1 Calculations of Multilayer Reflection -- 9.1.1 Transfer Matrix Method -- 9.1.2 Iterative Method -- 9.1.3 Huxley's Method -- 9.1.4 Estimation of Reflection Bandwidth -- 9.2 Model for Morpho Butterfly Scale -- 9.2.1 "Shelf Structure" Model -- 9.2.2 Effect of Alternately Sticking Shelf Structure and Ridge Inclination -- 9.2.3 Effect of Spatial Correlation in the Ridge Height Distribution -- 9.2.4 2D Fourier Analysis of the Shelf Structure -- 9.3 Antireflection Effect -- 9.3.1 Monolayer and Multilayer Antireflectors -- 9.3.2 Moth-Eye-Type Antireflector -- 9.4 Average Refractive Index -- 9.5 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal -- 9.5.1 Parabolic Patterns -- 9.5.2 Dispersion Relations and Optical Responses -- Bibliography -- Appendix A -- References -- Appendix B -- B.1 Fundamental Optical Processes -- B.2 Characteristics of Morpho Butterflies -- B.3 Morpho Butterflies -- B.4 Structurally Colored Butterflies -- B.5 Scarabeid Beetles Under Circular Polarizers -- B.6 Structurally Colored Birds and Fish -- B.7 Morpho Mimicry -- Index of Scientific Names -- Subject Index.