Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter I Policy Issue Substance and the Revitalization of Legislative Studies -- Why We Need to Restore Policy Issue Substance to Congressional Studies -- A Natural Connection: Congressional Studies, American Political Development, and Policy Studies -- The Organization of the Book -- Chapter II Bringing Policy Issue Substance Back In -- Pitfalls of the Substantive Tradition -- Introducing a New Policy Classification Schema -- Conclusion -- Appendix: Coding Schema -- Chapter III Political Polarization and Issues: A New Perspective -- Estimating Induced Preferences of Members of Congress -- Political Polarization and Policy Issue Substance -- House and Senate Party Unity Scores, 1877-2011 -- Disaggregating Political Polarization -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Chapter IV The Case Studies: Policy Issue Substance and the Political Behavior of Members of Congress (with David Bateman) -- Reassessing the 95th Congress -- The Case Studies: Examining Sovereignty Policy across Time -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Chapter V Legislative Accomplishment and Policy Issue Substance -- Needed: Direct Measures of Legislative Accomplishment -- Measuring Legislative Significance -- Constructing Macro-Level Measures of Legislative Accomplishment -- Conclusion -- Chapter VI Explaining Lawmaking in the United States, 1877-1994 -- Critical Hypotheses and Covariates of Lawmaking -- Empirically Analyzing Lawmaking -- Conclusion -- Chapter VII At the Crossroads: Policy Issue Substance, Congress, and American Political Development -- Ideas for American Political Development -- Ideas for Congressional Studies -- Bibliography -- Index.