e9780124158535v1 -- Front Cover -- OSTEOPOROSIS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Contributors -- Editor's Note -- PART I - INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER1 - THE BONE ORGAN SYSTEM: FORM AND FUNCTION -- INTRODUCTION -- COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF BONE -- CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF BONE -- BONE HOMEOSTASIS -- BASIC BONE MECHANICS -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter2 - The Nature of Osteoporosis -- DEFINING OSTEOPOROSIS -- MATERIAL AND STRUCTURAL BASIS OF SKELETAL FRAGILITY -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter3 - Reflections on Osteoporosis -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION -- DIAGNOSIS -- FRAGILITY FRACTURES -- BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURE RISK -- PATHOGENESIS -- PREVENTION -- TREATMENT -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter4 - Reflections on Development of Concepts of Intercellular Communication in Bone -- INTRODUCTION -- CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS - DEVELOPMENTS OF THE 1960S -- DISCOVERY OF CALCITONIN -- INHIBITION OF BONE RESORPTION BY CALCITONIN -- LESSONS FROM AN OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA -- EMERGENCE OF BONE CELL BIOLOGY -- COULD OSTEOBLASTS REGULATE OSTEOCLASTS? -- THE ORIGIN OF OSTEOCLASTS - MID-1970S -- OSTEOBLAST REGULATION OF OSTEOCLASTS -- CONTROL OF OSTEOCLAST FORMATION -- HORMONE AND CYTOKINE CONTROL OF OSTEOCLAST FORMATION -- THE PHYSIOLOGIC SIGNALING MECHANISMS IN OSTEOCLAST CONTROL -- BONE REMODELING -- COUPLING OF BONE FORMATION TO RESORPTION -- COUPLING FACTOR - FROM MATRIX OR CELLS? -- COMMUNICATION FROM OSTEOCYTES -- IS THERE A SINGLE "COUPLING FACTOR", ANALOGOUS TO RANKL? -- PTHRP AS A LOCAL CONTROL PROCESS -- HOW MIGHT PTHRP PARTICIPATE? -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter5 - Osteo-Odyssey: A Memoir -- STARTING OUT: FROM A TO B ONE -- BEING THE FIRST POSTDOC IN LARRY'S LAB -- IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD: PROJECTS AND PEOPLE -- THE BONE WORLD BEYOND THE LABORATORY: ASBMR AND NOF -- References.

PART II - LLULAR, MOLECULAR,AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF BONE -- CHAPTER6 - DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKELETON -- OVERVIEW -- PATTERNING THE SKELETON -- ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION -- SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT REGULATE ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION -- INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATION -- References -- Chapter7 - The Skeletal Stem Cell -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING SKELETAL STEM CELLS -- MIGRATION OF SKELETAL STEM CELLS -- KINETICS OF SKELETAL CELL TURNOVER -- POTENTIAL USE OF SKELETAL STEM CELLS AS THERAPY -- INTERACTIONS WITH THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter8 - Osteoclast Biology -- INTRODUCTION -- OSTEOCLAST FORMATION -- OSTEOCLAST FUNCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter9 - Osteoblast Biology -- OVERVIEW -- PHENOTYPIC PROPERTIES OF OSTEOGENIC LINEAGE CELLS -- DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE OF OSTEOBLAST PHENOTYPE DEVELOPMENT -- MARKERS OF OSTEOBLAST MATURATION STAGES -- GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION REGULATING SKELETAL BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter10 - Osteocyte Biology -- INTRODUCTION -- OSTEOCYTE ONTOGENY -- OSTEOID-OSTEOCYTES -- OSTEOCYTE SELECTIVE GENES/PROTEINS AND THEIR POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS -- MORPHOLOGY OF OSTEOCYTES: LACUNOCANALICULAR SYSTEM AND DENDRITE FORMATION -- OSTEOCYTE CELL MODELS -- MECHANISMS AND RESPONSE OF OSTEOCYTES TO MECHANICAL FORCES -- OSTEOCYTE SIGNALS FOR BONE FORMATION -- OSTEOCYTE SIGNALS FOR BONE RESORPTION -- OSTEOCYTE APOPTOSIS AND AUTOPHAGY -- OSTEOCYTE MODIFICATION OF THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT -- OSTEOCYTE REGULATION OF PHOSPHATE METABOLISM -- ROLE OF GAP JUNCTIONS AND HEMICHANNELS IN OSTEOCYTE COMMUNICATION -- OSTEOCYTES IN THE EMBRYONIC AND THE ADULT SKELETON -- THE IMPLICATIONS OF OSTEOCYTE BIOLOGY FOR BONE DISEASE -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- References.

Chapter11 - The Regulatory Role of Matrix Proteins in Mineralization of Bone -- INTRODUCTION -- COLLAGENOUS PROTEINS -- INTERMEDIATE CARTILAGE MATRIX -- OSTEOADHERIN, KERATOCAN, AND LUMICAN -- BONE-ENRICHED MATRIX PROTEINS -- ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE -- OSTEONECTIN -- RGD-CONTAINING GLYCOPROTEINS -- OSTEOCALCIN -- MATRIX GLA PROTEIN -- PERIOSTIN -- THE MINERALIZATION OF BONE MATRIX -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- PART III - SKELETAL HORMONES AND REGULATORY FACTORS -- CHAPTER12 - PARATHYROID HORMONE AND PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN -- INTRODUCTION -- SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE -- METABOLISM OF PARATHYROID HORMONE -- BONE-RESORBING ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE -- EFFECTS OF PTH ON BONE FORMATION -- RENAL ACTIONS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE -- PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN AS A MEDIATOR OF HUMORAL HYPERCALCEMIA OF MALIGNANCY -- PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN -- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE AND PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter13 - Vitamin D: Biology, Actions, and Clinical Implications -- INTRODUCTION -- VITAMIN D: SYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM -- PATHWAYS OF ACTIVATION AND INACTIVATION OF VITAMIN D -- MECHANISM OF 1,25(OH)2D ACTION -- NONGENOMIC ACTIONS OF VITAMIN D -- GENETIC DISORDERS -- 1,25(OH)2D3 ANALOGS -- ACTION OF VITAMIN D IN CLASSICAL TARGET ORGANS TO REGULATE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS -- ACTIONS OF 1,25(OH)2D IN NONCLASSICAL TARGET ORGANS -- VITAMIN D AND OSTEOPOROSIS -- References -- Chapter14 - Regulation of Bone Cell Function by Estrogens -- INTRODUCTION -- ESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS -- ESTROGEN RECEPTORS -- ACTIVITIES IN BONE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ESTROGEN RECEPTOR Α AND/OR ESTROGEN RECEPTOR Β -- ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter15 - Androgens and Skeletal Biology: Basic Mechanisms -- INTRODUCTION.

ANDROGENS AND THE ROLE OF ANDROGEN METABOLISM -- CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN THE SKELETON -- THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANDROGEN ACTION IN BONE CELLS -- THE SKELETAL EFFECTS OF ANDROGEN: ANIMAL STUDIES -- ANIMAL MODELS OF ALTERED ANDROGEN RESPONSIVENESS -- THE ROLE OF ANDROGEN RECEPTORS VERSUS AROMATIZATION OF TESTOSTERONE -- ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY AND BONE LOSS: SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ANIMAL MODELS AND HUMANS AT A CLINICAL LEVEL -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter16 - Phosphatonins -- INTRODUCTION -- PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS -- PHOSPHATONINS -- FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-23 -- SECRETED FRIZZLED-RELATED PROTEIN 4 -- MATRIX EXTRACELLULAR PHOSPHOGLYCOPROTEIN (MEPE) -- FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 7 -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter17 - Skeletal Growth Factors -- INTRODUCTION -- PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR -- VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR -- FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR -- TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA -- BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS -- INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR -- INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEINS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter18 - WNT Signaling in Skeletal Homeostasis and Diseases -- INTRODUCTION -- WNT SIGNALING -- WNT SIGNALING IN SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT, HOMEOSTASIS, AND DISEASES -- WNT SIGNALING INTERACTS WITH OTHER PATHWAYS IN BONE MASS REGULATION -- WNT SIGNALING AND MECHANICAL LOADING -- TARGETING THE WNT PATHWAY FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION -- SUMMARY -- References -- PART IV - SKELETAL STRUCTURE AND BIOMECHANICS -- CHAPTER19 - THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BONE -- INTRODUCTION -- INTRODUCTION TO BONE MECHANICS -- ROLE OF BONE COMPOSITION AND MICROSTRUCTURE ON BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF WHOLE BONE -- AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN BONE MECHANICS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO FRACTURE -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter20 - Cellular and Molecular Mechanotransduction in Bone -- INTRODUCTION.

BONE MECHANOTRANSDUCTION -- FORMS OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION - TISSUE MECHANICS -- CELLULAR AND PERICELLULAR MECHANICS -- MECHANOSENSING MECHANISMS -- MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS -- CELL-CELL PATHWAYS THAT ARE ACTIVATED OR MEDIATE EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL STIMULI -- CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS -- References -- Chapter21 - Adaptation of Skeletal Structure to Mechanical Loading -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- DIAPHYSEAL COMPACT BONE -- CANCELLOUS BONE -- TOWARD A MORE MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION IN BONE -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Chapter22 - Biomechanics of Hip and Vertebral Fractures -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOMECHANICS OF HIP FRACTURES -- BIOMECHANICS OF VERTEBRAL FRACTURES -- SUMMARY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS -- References -- Chapter23 - Prevention of Osteoporosis by Physical Signals: Defining a Potential Role for Nondrug Strategies in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Injury and Disease -- INTRODUCTION -- BONE'S SENSITIVITY TO MECHANICAL SIGNALS -- STRUCTURAL DEMANDS ON THE SKELETON -- REGULATION OF BONE MORPHOLOGY BY PHYSICAL SIGNALS -- ANABOLIC POTENTIAL OF LOW-MAGNITUDE MECHANICAL SIGNALS -- REGULATING THE BONE CELL RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL SIGNALS -- TRANSLATING MECHANOBIOLOGY TO THE CLINIC -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- PART V - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROSIS -- CHAPTER24 - EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS IN STUDIES OF OSTEOPOROSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTIC STUDIES -- STUDY DESIGNS IN ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- SOME USEFUL EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONCEPTS -- FREQUENTLY USED STATISTICS -- CRITERIA FOR DECIDING WHETHER AN ASSOCIATION MATTERS -- MEASUREMENT ERROR -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter25 - Genetic Determinants of Osteoporosis -- INTRODUCTION -- FINDING RISK GENE VARIANTS FOR COMPLEX TRAITS.

IDENTIFYING OSTEOPOROSIS RISK GENE VARIANTS.