Chapter 1 Genericity - the standard view -- 1.1 Rules and their truth conditions -- 1.2 The standard theory of genericity -- 1.3 Predicate genericity -- 1.4 Nominal genericity I: the standard theoretical point of view -- 1.5 Nominal genericity II: the two-way distinction approach -- Chapter 2 Kinds as sortal concepts - from a cognitive perspective -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Things in the world -- 2.3 Categorisation and individuation -- 2.4 The development of kind-based object individuation -- 2.5 Linguistic input as trigger? -- 2.6 Speculating about developmental stages -- 2.7 Conclusions I: kinds as sortal concepts -- 2.8 Conclusions II: what does it mean for a kind to exist? -- Chapter 3 Kinds as ontological primitives - from a semantic perspective -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 Object reference and kind reference -- 3.3 Kinds as taxonomic categories -- 3.4 Kinds and concepts -- 3.5 Kinds and properties -- 3.6 Chierchia's (1998) notion of kind -- 3.7 Lexical and formal semantics -- Chapter 4 Spatiotemporal localisation - type-token theories of genericity -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Three-class systems -- 4.3 Two-class systems -- 4.4 On the sense of the term "referential" -- 4.5 Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Indefinite reference to kinds - the pumpkin crusher puzzle -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Reference to subkinds and the pumpkin crusher -- 5.3 Indefinite NPs in Carlsonian object-level predications -- 5.4 Indefinite NPs in Carlsonian kind-level predications -- 5.5 Two kinds of kind-level predicates -- 5.6 To invent versus to be extinct -- 5.7 How the taxonomic reading comes about -- 5.8 Well-establishedness -- 5.9 Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Lexical classes of predicates - normal and Carlsonian kind-level predicates -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Predicate classes according to the standard theory -- 6.3 Outlining the alternative -- 6.4 The representative object interpretation.

6.5 Categorising statements as representative object interpretations -- 6.6 No reference to objects without reference to kinds -- 6.7 Carlsonian stage-level predicates -- 6.8 Conceptual restrictions on spatiotemporal localisation -- 6.9 What is special about Carlsonian kind-level predicates -- 6.10 Carlsonian kind-level predicates as existence predicates -- 6.11 Conclusions -- Chapter 7 Overt and covert articles - a kind-based DRT approach to the semantics of noun phrases -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 The grammatical role of overt articles -- 7.3 Forming complex predicates -- 7.4 Internal and external modification -- 7.5 Attributive adjectives -- 7.6 On the semantic function of NPs -- 7.7 The grammatical null article -- 7.8 The requirement of earliest application -- 7.9 Existentially interpreted bare plural NPs -- 7.10 The semantic contribution of a token-restricting modifier -- 7.11 Chierchia's and Krifka's explanations -- 7.12 Object-level arguments in kind-level positions -- 7.13 Conclusions.