Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- PART I: Infections and Host Response -- CHAPTER 1: Epidemiology of Infections in the New Century -- Introduction -- Staphylococcal infections: healthcare-acquired MRSA and beyond -- Enterococcus spp. -- Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: are we facing a new era? -- Non-fermentative Gram-negative infections: a threat for critical patients -- Prosthetic joint infections -- Prosthetic vascular infections -- Skin and soft tissue infections -- Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus in the new century -- References -- CHAPTER 2: Bacterial Osteomyelitis: The Clinician's Point of View -- Definition and microbiology -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Osseous modification -- Biofilm -- Neutrophil defects -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Surgical treatment -- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy -- Medical treatment -- Special features of osteomyelitis -- Spondylodiscitis with vertebral osteomyelitis -- Diabetic foot osteomyelitis -- Arthroplasty-related osteomyelitis -- Non-arthroplasty-related implant osteomyelitis -- Osteomyelitis associated with sickle cell disease -- Sacral osteomyelitis -- Jaw osteomyelitis -- Future options -- Acknowledgements -- References -- PART II: Radiological Imaging -- CHAPTER 3: Radiological Imaging of Osteomyelitis -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Osteomyelitis -- Imaging of complications -- Prosthetic joint infection -- Diabetic foot infection -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Case 4 -- Case 5 -- References -- CHAPTER 4: Radiological Imaging of Spine Infection -- Introduction.

Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Pyogenic spondylitis -- Biopsy and pathogen detection -- Granulomatous diseases: spinal tuberculosis -- Brucellosis -- Fungal osteomyelitis and discitis -- Post-procedural spondylodiscitis -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 5: Radiological Imaging of Soft Tissue Infections -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Ultrasound -- CT imaging -- MR imaging -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Dermatitis -- Folliculitis -- Pyodermia -- Cellulitis -- Abscesses -- Foreign body granuloma -- Lymphadenitis -- Cat scratch lymphadenitis -- Bursitis -- Proliferative fasciitis -- Nodular fasciitis -- Necrotizing fasciitis -- Paratenonitis or peritendinitis -- Tenosynovitis -- Proliferative myositis -- Infectious myositis (pyomyositis) -- Myositis ossificans -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Conclusion -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 6: Radiological Imaging of Abdominal Infections and Inflammatory Disease -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- US techniques -- CT imaging -- MRI imaging -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Appendicitis -- Diverticulitis -- Ileitis, colitis and infectious enteritis -- Crohn's disease -- Ulcerative colitis -- Hepatitis -- Hepatic abscesses -- Acute bacterial cholangitis -- Acute cholecystitis -- Perihepatitis -- Pancreatitis -- Pyelonephritis and perirenal abscess.

Appendangitis -- Mesenteric panniculitis -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Conclusion -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 7: Radiological Imaging of Vascular Graft Infection -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Conventional radiography -- Ultrasound -- CT imaging -- MR imaging -- Digital subtraction angiography -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Conventional radiography -- Ultrasound -- CT imaging -- MR imaging -- Digital subtraction angiography -- Pathological findings and significance -- Ectopic air -- Perigraft fluid -- Perigraft soft tissue attenuation -- Pseudo-aneurysm -- Aortoenteric fistula -- Aortobronchial fistula -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 8: Radiological Imaging of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- PART III: Nuclear Medicine Imaging -- CHAPTER 9: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Infections: Techniques, Acquisition Protocols and Interpretation Criteria -- Introduction -- Techniques for imaging inflammation/infection -- Osteomyelitis -- Inflammatory bowel disease -- Fever of unknown origin -- Postoperative infections -- Cardiovascular infections -- Lung infections -- Central nervous system infections -- HIV-associated infections -- Preimaging considerations and patient preparation -- Image acquisition protocols for WBCs and anti-G mAbs -- Interpretation criteria for WBCs and anti-G mAbs.

Criteria for positivity -- Qualitative analysis -- Semi-quantitative analysis -- Additional investigations based upon the imaging results -- Pitfalls and artifacts -- Interpretation criteria for FDG -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 10: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Osteomyelitis: White Blood Cell, Monoclonal Antibody, or Bacterial Imaging? -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Selecting the appropriate tracer -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Peripheral osteomyelitis -- Diabetic foot infection -- Prosthetic joint infection -- Sternal wound infections -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 11: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Spondylodiscitis: The Emerging Role of PET -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Normal and pathological findings and artifacts -- Commercially available radiopharmaceuticals -- Experimental radiopharmaceuticals -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Conclusion -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 12: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Soft Tissue Infections -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- WBC scintigraphy -- [18F]FDG-PET -- Antigranulocyte antibody scintigraphy -- Nanocolloids -- 67Ga-citrate -- 99mTc-ciprofloxacin (Infecton) -- 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy -- Normal findings and artifacts -- WBC scintigraphy -- [18F]FDG-PET/CT -- 99mTc-ciprofloxacin (Infecton) -- 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy -- Pathological findings and significance -- Dermatitis -- Cellulitis -- Abscesses -- Bursitis.

Tenosynovitis -- Myositis -- Fasciitis -- Cat scratch disease -- Implantable device-associated infections -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Conclusion -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 13: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases of the Abdomen -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Labeled white blood cells -- 67Ga-citrate -- 99mTc-besilesomab (Scintimun®) -- 99mTc-sulesomab (Leukoscan®) -- 99mTc-fanesolemab -- 99mTc-infliximab -- Labeled polyclonal human immunoglobulin G -- Labeled interleukin-2 -- Labeled antibiotics and antifungals -- [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose -- SPECT/CT -- Normal findings and artifacts -- Pathological findings and significance -- Appendicitis -- Inflammatory bowel diseases -- Autoimmune pancreatitis -- Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis -- Other abdominal infections -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Conclusion -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Case 4 -- References -- CHAPTER 14: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Vascular Graft Infection: The Added Role of Hybrid Imaging -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Methodological considerations -- Normal and pathological findings and significance -- SPECT imaging agents and SPECT/CT -- [18F]FDG-PET/CT -- Role for therapy follow-up and patient management -- Conclusion -- Clinical cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- References -- CHAPTER 15: Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- Introduction -- Basic knowledge of the clinical problem -- The clinical questions -- Tuberculosis -- Generalized adenopathy -- Monitoring the side effects of HAART -- Lymphoma -- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

Pulmonary complications other than tuberculosis.