Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributor List -- Series Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Principles of Headache: Primary and Secondary Headache Disorders -- 1: The Basics of Headache Classification and Diagnosis -- Introduction -- Approach to classification -- Approach to diagnosis -- Headache history -- Diagnosing headache is as easy as 1, 2, 3 -- Migraine (ICHD-2 1.0) -- Migraine without aura -- Migraine with aura -- Subtypes of migraine -- Complications of migraine -- TTH (ICHD-2 2.0) -- TACs (ICHD-2 2.3.0) -- Other primary headaches -- Headache diagnosis -- References -- 2: Approach to the Patient with Headache -- Introduction -- Headache history -- Age at onset and at presentation -- Location and character of the headache -- Duration, frequency, and timing of attacks -- Pain intensity -- Premonitory and aura symptoms -- Temporal profile -- Associated features -- Aggravating or precipitating factors -- Relieving factors -- Social history -- Family history -- Past history of headache -- Impact of and disability from headache -- General medical history and review of systems -- Physical and neurologic examinations -- Categorizing the primary headache disorder -- Diagnosing the specific primary headache disorder -- Therapy -- Educating the patient -- Follow-up -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Secondary Headache Disorders Encountered in Clinical Practice -- Brain tumor -- Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology -- Management -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- Diagnosis -- Subtypes -- Pathophysiology -- Comorbidities -- Progression and prognosis -- Management -- Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis -- Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology -- Comorbidities -- Progression and prognosis -- Management -- Giant cell arteritis -- Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology -- Comorbidities -- Progression and prognosis -- Management.

Rehabilitation -- Cervical artery dissections -- Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology -- Comorbidities -- Progression and prognosis -- Management -- Cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia and "low-pressure" headaches -- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension -- Postdural puncture headache -- Aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) -- Comorbidities and risk factors -- Pathophysiology -- Management and prognosis -- Angle-closure glaucoma -- Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology and comorbidities -- Prognosis -- Management -- Chiari type I malformation -- Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology and comorbidities -- Prognosis -- Management -- Rhinosinusitis -- Diagnosis -- Comorbidities -- Pathophysiology -- Management and prognosis -- Conclusion: key practice points -- References -- Part II: Migraine -- 4: Diagnosis and Subtypes of Migraine -- Introduction -- Clinical features of migraine -- Associated phenomena -- Postdromal phase -- Aggravating and ameliorating factors -- Basilar-type migraine and hemiplegic migraine -- Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine -- Retinal migraine -- Complications of migraine -- Comorbidities of migraine -- References -- 5: Epidemiology, Progression, Prognosis, and Comorbidity of Migraine -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of migraine -- Episodic migraine: prevalence and incidence -- Chronic migraine: prevalence and incidence -- Burden of migraine -- Comorbidities of migraine -- Cardiovascular disease -- Epilepsy -- Psychiatric condition -- Comorbidities of chronic migraine -- The natural history of migraine -- Clinical trajectories -- Course of episodic migraine -- Course of chronic migraine -- Course of migraine in adolescents -- Risk factors for migraine -- Risk factors for onset of chronic migraine -- Risk factors for chronic daily headache conditions -- Risk factors for chronic migraine.

Medical comorbidities and concomitant illnesses as risk factors for progression -- Effects of modifying risk factors in persons with chronic migraine -- Summary: clinical implications and future directions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6: Pathophysiology and Genetics of Migraine -- Introduction -- Migraine-explaining the clinical phenotype -- Genetics of migraine -- Genetic epidemiology -- Familial hemiplegic migraine -- Migraine aura -- Therapeutic manipulation of aura -- Headache-anatomy -- Trigeminal innervation of pain-producing intracranial structures -- Headache physiology-peripheral connections -- Plasma protein extravasation -- Sensitization and migraine -- Neuropeptide studies -- Headache physiology-central connections -- The trigeminocervical complex -- Serotonin-5-HT1F receptor agonists and migraine -- Glutamatergic transmission in the trigeminocervical complex -- Higher order processing -- The "vascular hypothesis"-a good story ruined by the facts -- Central modulation of trigeminal pain -- Brain imaging in humans -- Animal experimental studies of sensory modulation -- Electrophysiology of migraine in humans -- Conclusion: what is migraine? -- References -- 7: Multidisciplinary Approach to Patients with Migraine -- Introduction -- Biobehavioral treatments for migraine -- Cognitive-behavioral therapy -- Biofeedback -- Relaxation training -- Patient education -- Food triggers -- Physical treatments: acupuncture, chiropractic, physical and occupational therapies, and massage -- Acupuncture -- Spinal manipulative therapies -- Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and exercise -- Massage -- Yoga and meditation -- Reflexology -- Referrals to multidisciplinary providers -- Discussing the referral with patients -- Anticipate barriers to a referral and educating patients -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

8: Acute Treatments for Migraine -- Introduction -- General pain management: nonpharmacologic strategies -- Pain-relieving medication and adjunctive therapy -- NSAIDs, nonopioids, and combination analgesics -- Antiemetics: adjunctive therapy -- 5-HT1B/D receptor agonists (triptans) -- Ergot alkaloids and derivates -- Opioids and barbiturates -- Steroids -- Acute treatment strategies in specific clinical conditions -- Self-administered drug treatment in acute migraine -- Emergency room -- Status migrainosus -- Migraine with pronounced nausea and vomiting -- Menstrual migraine -- Migraine with aura, and aura without headache -- Basilar-type migraine and hemiplegic migraine -- Chronic migraine -- Migraine in pregnancy -- Migraine and breastfeeding -- Migraine in children -- Migraine in elderly patients -- Conclusion -- References -- 9: Preventive Treatments for Migraine -- Introduction -- When to treat migraines preventively -- Migraine prevention: general principles -- How preventive agents work -- Migraine preventives -- Anticonvulsants -- Antidepressants -- Antihypertensives -- Other migraine preventives -- "Natural" preventives -- Bridge therapy -- Prevention in pregnancy and lactation -- The future of migraine prevention -- References -- 10: Managing the Special Problem of Chronic Migraine -- Introduction -- Classification and phenotype of chronic migraine -- Diagnosing chronic migraine -- Step 1: Distinguishing primary from secondary chronic daily headaches -- Step 2: Approach the primary headaches based on duration and frequency -- Treating chronic migraine -- Principles of treatment -- Treatment of medication overuse -- Establishing an effective preventive treatment -- When chronic migraine becomes refractory -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Tension-type Headache.

11: Diagnosis, Subtypes, Epidemiology, Progression, Prognosis, and Comorbidity of Tension-type Headache -- Introduction -- Historical aspects and classification -- Making the diagnosis -- Epidemiology of TTH in various age groups -- TTH in adults -- TTH in the elderly -- TTH in children and adolescents -- Progression and prognosis of TTH -- Comorbidity of TTH -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Pathophysiology and Genetics of Tension-type Headache -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Environmental and psychological factors -- Peripheral factors -- Central factors -- Mechanism-based treatment -- Genetics -- Conclusion -- References -- 13: Treatment of Tension-type Headache -- Introduction -- Diagnostic criteria -- Pathophysiology of TTH -- Pharmacologic treatment of ETTH -- Simple analgesics -- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents -- Combination medications and opioids -- Triptans -- Pharmacologic treatment of CTTH -- Antidepressants -- Muscle relaxants -- Botulinum toxin type A -- Nonpharmacologic treatments -- TTH in children -- TTH in the elderly -- References -- Part IV: Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Including Cluster Headache -- 14: Diagnosis and Subtypes of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias -- Introduction and classification -- Cluster headache -- Clinical appearance -- Differential diagnosis -- Paroxysmal hemicrania -- SUNCT syndrome -- Hemicrania continua -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 15: Epidemiology, Progression, Prognosis, and Comorbidity of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias -- Introduction -- Cluster headache -- Overview of the clinical disorder -- Epidemiology -- Comorbidity -- Progression -- Paroxysmal hemicrania -- Overview of the clinical disorder -- Epidemiology -- Comorbidity -- Progression -- Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing.

Overview of the clinical disorder.