Contents -- CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Spread Spectrum Systems -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS -- 1.2 A DIGITAL SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS MODEL -- 1.3 NARROWBAND SIGNALS -- 1.3.1 Narrowband Processes Via the Complex Envelope -- 1.3.2 Narrowband Signals Through Narrowband Systems -- 1.3.3 Complex Envelope Characterization for Direct Sequence and Frequency-Hopping Signals -- 1.4 DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS -- 1.4.1 Direct Sequence Spreading with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) -- 1.4.2 Quadriphase Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems -- 1.5 FREQUENCY-HOPPED SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS -- 1.5.1 Noncoherent Slow Frequency-Hopped Systems with MFSK Data Modulation -- 1.5.2 Noncoherent Fast Frequency-Hopped Systems with MFSK Data Modulation -- 1.5.3 Noncoherent Slow Frequency-Hopped Signals with DPSK Data Modulation -- 1.5.4 Noncoherent Slow Frequency-Hopped Signals with BPSK Data Modulation -- 1.6 HYBRID SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS -- 1.6.1 Hybrid DS with Slow Frequency Hopping with BPSK Data -- 1.6.2 Hybrid OQPSK DS with SFH with BPSK Data -- 1.7 TIME HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM SIGNALS -- 1.8 AN INTRODUCTION TO OFDM -- 1.8.1 OFDM Communication System Implemented Via the FFT -- 1.8.2 OFDM Intersymbol Interference Reduction Techniques -- 1.8.3 OFDM Power Spectral Density -- 1.9 AN INTRODUCTION TO ULTRAWIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS -- 1.9.1 A Brief Early History of UWB Communications -- 1.9.2 Description of UWB Signals -- 1.9.3 Regulatory Constraints and Spectral Masks for Various UWB Applications -- 1.9.4 Impact of the Transmit Antenna on the Transmitted Signal -- 1.9.5 The Advantages and the Disadvantages of Impulse Versus Multicarrier UWB -- 1.9.6 Advantages of UWB Systems -- 1.9.7 Applications of UWB -- 1.10 THE NEAR-FAR PROBLEM -- 1.11 LOW PROBABILITY OF INTERCEPTION -- 1.12 SUMMARY.

References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 2 Binary Shift Register Codes for Spread Spectrum Systems -- 2.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.1 FINITE FIELD ARITHMETIC -- 2.1.1 Polynomial Arithmetic -- 2.2 SHIFT REGISTER SEQUENCES -- 2.2.1 Equivalence of the Fibonacci and Galois Forms of a Linear SRG -- 2.3 MATHEMATICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SRGS -- 2.3.1 The Shift Register Matrix -- 2.3.2 The Characteristic Equation and Characteristic Polynomial -- 2.4 THE GENERATING FUNCTION -- 2.5 THE CORRELATION FUNCTION OF SEQUENCES -- 2.5.1 Periodic Correlation Functions for Sequences -- 2.5.2 Aperiodic Correlation Functions for Sequences -- 2.6 CODES FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS APPLICATIONS -- 2.6.1 Binary Maximal Length Sequences -- 2.6.2 Gold Codes -- 2.6.3 Gold-Like Sequences and Dual BCH Sequences -- 2.6.4 Kasami Sequences -- 2.6.5 Bent Sequences -- 2.6.6 Comparison of CDMA Code Performance -- 2.7 SEQUENCES WITH GOOD APERIODIC CORRELATION -- 2.7.1 Barker and Williard Sequences -- 2.7.2 Neuman-Hofman Sequences -- 2.7.3 Partial Period Correlation for m-Sequences -- 2.7.4 Frequency-Hopping Multiple Access Code Generators -- 2.8 SUMMARY -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 3 Jamming Performance of Uncoded Spread Spectrum Systems -- 3.0 INTRODUCTION -- 3.1 JAMMER TYPES -- 3.2 BIT ERROR RATE PERFORMANCE IN BROADBAND NOISE JAMMING -- 3.2.1 DS/PSK in Broadband Noise Jamming -- 3.2.2 SFH/DPSK in Broadband Noise Jamming -- 3.2.3 SFH/PSK in Broadband Noise Jamming -- 3.2.4 SFH/MFSK in Broadband Noise Jamming -- 3.2.5 FFH/BFSK in Broadband Noise Jamming -- 3.2.6 Hybrid DS-SFH SS Modulation in Broadband Noise Jamming -- 3.3 BER PERFORMANCE IN PARTIAL BAND NOISE JAMMING -- 3.3.1 DS/PSK in Partial Band Noise Jamming -- 3.3.2 SFH/DPSK Systems in Partial Band Noise Jamming -- 3.3.3 SFH/PSK BER in Partial Band Noise Jamming -- 3.3.4 SFH/MFSK in Partial Band Noise Jamming.

3.3.5 FFH/MFSK in Partial Band Noise Jamming -- 3.3.6 Hybrid DS-SFH/MFSK in Partial Band Noise Jamming -- 3.3.7 Hybrid DS-SFH/DPSK in Partial Band Noise Jamming -- 3.4 BIT ERROR RATE PERFORMANCE IN PULSED JAMMING -- 3.4.1 Bit Error Rate Performance for DS/PSK in Pulsed Jamming -- 3.4.2 Performance of SFH/MFSK in Pulsed Jamming -- 3.4.3 Performance of SFH/DPSK in Pulsed Jamming -- 3.4.4 Performance of Hybrid DS-SFH/MFSK in Pulsed Jamming -- 3.4.5 Performance of Hybrid DS-SFH/DPSK in Pulse Jamming -- 3.5 BIT ERROR RATE PERFORMANCE IN TONE JAMMING -- 3.5.1 Bit Error Rate Performance for DS(BPSK)/BPSK in Tone Jamming -- 3.5.2 Bit Error Rate Performance for DS(QPSK)/BPSK in Tone Jamming -- 3.5.3 Bit Error Rate Performance for DS(MSK)/BPSK in Tone Jamming -- 3.6 MULTITONE JAMMING BIT ERROR RATE PERFORMANCE -- 3.6.1 Multitone Jamming Bit Error Rate Performance for SFH/MFSK -- 3.6.2 Multitone Jamming Bit Error Rate Performance for SFH/DPSK -- 3.7 DEGRADATION DUE TO INTERFERENCE OR JAMMING IN DS SYSTEMS -- 3.7.1 Equivalent Noise Spectral Density for DS(BPSK)/BPSK Systems -- 3.7.2 Carrier to Equivalent Noise Spectral Density Ratio for DS(BPSK)/BPSK -- 3.7.3 Equivalent Noise Spectral Density Degradation for DS(BPSK)/BPSK Systems -- 3.7.4 Degradation to NRZ Signals Due to Narrowband Jammers for DS(BPSK)/BPSK Signals -- 3.8 SUMMARY -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 4 Jamming Performance of Coded Spread Spectrum Systems -- 4.0 INTRODUCTION -- 4.1 INTERLEAVER STRUCTURES FOR CODED SYSTEMS -- 4.1.1 Block Periodic Interleaving -- 4.1.2 Convolutional Interleaving -- 4.2 LINEAR BLOCK CODING -- 4.2.1 Linear Block Coding Concepts -- 4.2.2 Rule for Optimum Decoding with No Jammer Side Information -- 4.2.3 Rule for Optimum Decoding with Jammer Side Information -- 4.2.4 Computation of the Block Coded Word and Bit Error Rate -- 4.3 CONVOLUTIONAL CODES.

4.3.1 Convolutional Code Encoder Characterization -- 4.3.2 The Transfer Function of a Convolutional Code and the Free Distance -- 4.3.3 Decoding of Convolutional Codes -- 4.3.4 The Viterbi Algorithm -- 4.3.5 Error Probabilities for Viterbi Decoding of Convolutional Codes -- 4.3.6 Sequential Decoding of Convolutional Codes -- 4.3.7 Threshold Decoding of Convolutional Codes -- 4.3.8 Nonbinary Convolutional Codes -- 4.4 ITERATIVELY DECODED CODES -- 4.4.1 Turbo Codes -- 4.4.2 A Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code -- 4.4.3 Serial Concatenated Block Codes -- 4.4.4 Parallel Concatenated Block Codes -- 4.4.5 Low-Density Parity Check Codes -- 4.5 SELECTED RESULTS FOR SOME ERROR CORRECTION CODES -- 4.5.1 Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem Codes -- 4.5.2 Reed-Solomon Codes -- 4.5.3 Convolutional Codes with Maximum Free Distance -- 4.5.4 Hard- and Soft-Decision FFH/MFSK with Repeat Coding BER Performance -- 4.6 SHANNON'S CAPACITY THEOREM, THE CHANNEL CODING THEOREM, AND BANDWIDTH EFFICIENCY -- 4.6.1 Shannon's Capacity Theorem -- 4.6.2 Channel Coding Theorem -- 4.6.3 Bandwidth Efficiency -- 4.7 APPLICATIONS OF ERROR CONTROL CODING -- 4.8 SUMMARY -- References -- Selected Bibliography -- Problems -- CHAPTER 5 Carrier Tracking Loops and Frequency Synthesizers -- 5.0 INTRODUCTION -- 5.1 TRACKING OF RESIDUAL CARRIER SIGNALS -- 5.2 PLL FOR TRACKING A RESIDUAL CARRIER COMPONENT -- 5.2.1 The Likelihood Function for Phase Estimation -- 5.2.2 The Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Carrier Phase -- 5.2.3 Long Loops and Short Loops -- 5.2.4 The Stochastic Differential Equation of Operation -- 5.2.5 The Linear Model of the PLL with Noise -- 5.2.6 The Various Loop Filter Types -- 5.2.7 Transient Response of a Second-Order Loop -- 5.2.8 Steady State Tracking Error When the Phase Error Is Small -- 5.2.9 The Variance of the Linearized PLL Phase Error Due to Thermal Noise.

5.2.10 Frequency Response of the Active Filter Second-Order PLL -- 5.2.11 Phase Noise Effects of the Total Phase Error in the PLL -- 5.2.12 Nonlinear PLL Results -- 5.3 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS -- 5.3.1 Digital Frequency Synthesis -- 5.3.2 Direct Frequency Synthesis -- 5.3.3 Indirect Frequency Synthesis -- 5.3.4 Indirect Frequency Synthesis Transfer Functions -- 5.4 TRACKING OF BPSK SIGNALS -- 5.4.1 Tracking a BPSK Signal with a Squaring Loop -- 5.4.2 Tracking a BPSK Signal with an Integrate-and-Dump Costas Loop -- 5.4.3 Tracking a BPSK Signal with a Passive Arm Filter Costas Loop -- 5.4.4 Steady State Tracking Error for the Costas and Squaring Loops -- 5.4.5 Costas Loop with Hard-Limited In-Phase Arm Processing -- 5.4.6 Improved Frequency Acquisition of a Passive Filter Costas Loop -- 5.4.7 Lock Detectors for Costas and Squaring Loops -- 5.4.8 False Lock in Costas Loops -- 5.4.9 Decision-Directed Feedback Loops -- 5.5 MULTIPHASE TRACKING LOOPS -- 5.5.1 The N-th Power Loop -- 5.5.2 The N-Phase Costas Loop -- 5.5.3 Demod-Remod Quadriphase Tracking Loop -- 5.5.4 Modified Four-Phase Costas Loop-SQPSK Modulation -- 5.6 FREQUENCY LOCKED LOOPS -- 5.6.1 The Cross Product FLL -- 5.7 SUMMARY -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 6 Code Acquisition in Direct Sequence Receivers -- 6.0 INTRODUCTION -- 6.1 THE ACQUISITION PROBLEM -- 6.2 ACTIVE SEARCH ACQUISITION (SLIDING CORRELATOR) -- 6.2.1 Mean Acquisition Time Model for an Active Search System -- 6.2.2 Analysis of the Active Search System -- 6.2.3 Single Dwell Mean Acquisition Time Formula with Doppler -- 6.2.4 Mean Acquisition Time for the Double Dwell Time Search -- 6.2.5 Active Acquisition System Structures Used for Acquisition for BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, and MSK -- 6.3 ACQUISITION PROBABILITY VERSUS TIME FOR ACTIVE CORRELATION -- 6.4 PARALLEL METHODS OF ACTIVE CODE ACQUISITION.

6.4.1 Active Search Mean Acquisition Time with Parallel Processing.