Sound Visualization and Manipulation.
Title:
Sound Visualization and Manipulation.
Author:
Kim, Yang-Hann.
ISBN:
9781118368497
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (438 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Essence of Acoustics -- Chapter 1 Acoustic Wave Equation and Its Basic Physical Measures -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 One-Dimensional Acoustic Wave Equation -- 1.2.1 Impedance -- 1.3 Three-Dimensional Wave Equation -- 1.4 Acoustic Intensity and Energy -- 1.4.1 Complex-Valued Pressure and Intensity -- 1.5 The Units of Sound -- 1.6 Analysis Methods of Linear Acoustic Wave Equation -- 1.6.1 Acoustic Wave Equation and Boundary Condition -- 1.6.2 Eigenfunctions and Modal Expansion Theory -- 1.6.3 Integral Approach Using Green's Function -- 1.7 Solutions of the Wave Equation -- 1.7.1 Plane Wave -- 1.7.2 Spherical Wave -- 1.8 Chapter Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction -- 2.1 Introduction/Study Objectives -- 2.2 Radiation of a Breathing Sphere and a Trembling Sphere -- 2.3 Radiation from a Baffled Piston -- 2.4 Radiation from a Finite Vibrating Plate -- 2.5 Diffraction and Scattering -- 2.6 Chapter Summary -- 2.7 Essentials of Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction -- 2.7.1 Radiated Sound Field from an Infinitely Baffled Circular Piston -- 2.7.2 Sound Field at an Arbitrary Position Radiated by an Infinitely Baffled Circular Piston -- 2.7.3 Understanding Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction Using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz Integral Equation -- 2.7.4 Scattered Sound Field Using the Rayleigh Integral Equation -- References -- Part II Sound Visualization -- Chapter 3 Acoustic Holography -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Methodology of Acoustic Source Identification -- 3.3 Acoustic Holography: Measurement, Prediction, and Analysis -- 3.3.1 Introduction and Problem Definitions -- 3.3.2 Prediction Process.
3.3.3 Mathematical Derivations of Three Acoustic Holography Methods and Their Discrete Forms -- 3.3.4 Measurement -- 3.3.5 Analysis of Acoustic Holography -- 3.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Beamforming -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Problem Statement -- 4.3 Model-Based Beamforming -- 4.3.1 Plane and Spherical Wave Beamforming -- 4.3.2 The Array Configuration -- 4.4 Signal-Based Beamforming -- 4.4.1 Construction of Correlation Matrix in Time Domain -- 4.4.2 Construction of Correlation Matrix in Frequency Domain -- 4.4.3 Correlation Matrix of Multiple Sound Sources -- 4.5 Correlation-Based Scan Vector Design -- 4.5.1 Minimum Variance Beamformer -- 4.5.2 Linear Prediction -- 4.6 Subspace-Based Approaches -- 4.6.1 Basic Principles -- 4.6.2 MUSIC Beamformer -- 4.6.3 ESPRIT -- 4.7 Wideband Processing Technique -- 4.7.1 Frequency-Domain Approach: Mapping to the Beam Space -- 4.7.2 Coherent Subspace Method (CSM) -- 4.7.3 Partial Field Decomposition in Beam Space -- 4.7.4 Time-Domain Technique -- 4.7.5 Moving-Source Localization -- 4.8 Post-Processing Techniques -- 4.8.1 Deconvolution and Beamforming -- 4.8.2 Nonnegativity Constraint -- 4.8.3 Nonnegative Least-Squares Algorithm -- 4.8.4 DAMAS -- References -- Part III Sound Manipulation -- Chapter 5 Sound Focusing -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Descriptions of the Problem of Sound Focusing -- 5.2.1 Free-Field Radiation from Loudspeaker Arrays -- 5.2.2 Descriptions of a Sound Field Depending on the Distance from the Array -- 5.2.3 Fresnel Approximation -- 5.2.4 Farfield Description of the Rayleigh Integral (Fraunhofer Approximation) -- 5.2.5 Descriptors of Directivity -- 5.3 Summing Operator (+) -- 5.3.1 Delay-and-Sum Technique -- 5.3.2 Beam Shaping and Steering -- 5.3.3 Wavenumber Cone and Diffraction Limit -- 5.3.4 Frequency Invariant Radiation Pattern.
5.3.5 Discrete Array and Grating Lobes -- 5.4 Product Theorem (×) -- 5.4.1 Convolution and Multiplication of Sound Beams -- 5.4.2 On-Axis Pressure Response -- 5.5 Differential Operator and Super-Directivity (−) -- 5.5.1 Endfire Differential Patterns -- 5.5.2 Combination of Delay-and-Sum and Endfire Differential Patterns -- 5.5.3 Broadside Differential Pattern -- 5.5.4 Combination of the Delay-and-Sum and Broadside Differential Patterns -- 5.6 Optimization with Energy Ratios (÷) -- 5.6.1 Problem Statement -- 5.6.2 Capon's Minimum Variance Estimator (Minimum Variance Beamformer) -- 5.6.3 Acoustic Brightness and Contrast Control -- 5.6.4 Further Analysis of Acoustic Brightness and Contrast Control -- 5.6.5 Application Examples -- References -- Chapter 6 Sound Field Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Problem Statement -- 6.2.1 Concept of Sound Field Reproduction -- 6.2.2 Objective of Sound Field Reproduction -- 6.3 Reproduction of One-Dimensional Sound Field -- 6.3.1 Field-Matching Approach -- 6.3.2 Mode-Matching Approach -- 6.3.3 Integral Approach -- 6.3.4 Single-Layer Potential -- 6.4 Reproduction of a 3D Sound Field -- 6.4.1 Problem Statement and Associated Variables -- 6.5 Field-Matching Approach -- 6.5.1 Inverse Problem -- 6.5.2 Regularization of an Inverse Problem -- 6.5.3 Selection of the Regularization Parameter -- 6.6 Mode-Matching Approach -- 6.6.1 Encoding and Decoding of Sound Field -- 6.6.2 Mode-Matching with Plane Waves -- 6.6.3 Mode-Matching with Spherical Harmonics -- 6.7 Surface Integral Equations -- 6.7.1 Source Inside, Listener Inside (V0 ⊂ V , r ∈ V ) -- 6.7.2 Source Inside, Listener Outside (V0 ⊂ V , r ∈ _) -- 6.7.3 Source Outside, Listener Outside (V0 ⊂ _, r ∈ _) -- 6.7.4 Source Outside, Listener Inside (V0 ⊂ _, r ∈ V ) -- 6.7.5 Listener on the Control Surface.
6.7.6 Summary of Integral Equations -- 6.7.7 Nonradiating Sound Field and Nonuniqueness Problem -- 6.8 Single-layer Formula -- 6.8.1 Single-layer Formula for Exterior Virtual Source -- 6.8.2 Integral Formulas for Interior Virtual Source -- References -- Appendix A Useful Formulas -- A.1 Fourier Transform -- A.1.1 Fourier Transform Table -- A.2 Dirac Delta Function -- A.3 Derivative of Matrices -- A.3.1 Derivative of Real-Valued Matrix -- A.3.2 Derivative of Complex-Valued Function -- A.3.3 Derivative of Complex Matrix -- A.4 Inverse Problem -- A.4.1 Overdetermined Linear Equations and Least Squares (LS) Solution -- A.4.2 Underdetermined Linear Equations and Minimum-Norm Problem -- A.4.3 Method of Lagrange Multiplier -- A.4.4 Regularized Least Squares -- A.4.5 Singular Value Decomposition -- A.4.6 Total Least Squares (TLS) -- Appendix B Description of Sound Field -- B.1 Three-Dimensional Acoustic Wave Equation -- B.1.1 Conservation of Mass -- B.1.2 Conservation of Momentum -- B.1.3 Equation of State -- B.1.4 Velocity Potential Function -- B.1.5 Complex Intensity -- B.1.6 Singular Sources -- B.2 Wavenumber Domain Representation of the Rayleigh Integral -- B.2.1 Fourier Transform of Free-Field Green's Function (Weyl's Identity) -- B.2.2 High Frequency Approximation (Stationary Phase Approximation) -- B.3 Separation of Variables in Spherical Coordinates -- B.3.1 Angle Functions: Associated Legendre Functions -- B.3.2 Angle Functions: Spherical Harmonics -- B.3.3 Radial Functions -- B.3.4 Radial Functions: Spherical Bessel and Hankel Functions -- B.3.5 Description of Sound Fields by Spherical Basis Function -- B.3.6 Representation of the Green's Function -- References -- Index.
Abstract:
Unique in addressing two different problems - sound visualization and manipulation - in a unified way Advances in signal processing technology are enabling ever more accurate visualization of existing sound fields and precisely defined sound field production. The idea of explaining both the problem of sound visualization and the problem of the manipulation of sound within one book supports this inter-related area of study. With rapid development of array technologies, it is possible to do much in terms of visualization and manipulation, among other technologies involved with the spatial distribution of sound. This book aims to explore various basic functions for the visualization and manipulation and demonstrate to the reader how these properties determine the quality of visualization and manipulation. The first half of the book introduces some basic and general concepts and theories and the second part of the book explains a number of techniques in sound visualization and manipulation. It offers a unified presentation to two very different topics - sound field visualization techniques based on microphone arrays, and techniques for generation of controlled sound fields using loudspeaker arrays. The authors emphasize the similarities between these two physical problems and between the mathematical methods used for solving them. With extensive examples throughout the book, chapters include: Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Basic Theory of Sound Visualization, Acoustic Holography, Beamforming, Basic Theory of Sound Manipulation, Sound Focusing, and Sound Field Reproduction. The first book to combine both the visualization and manipulation of sound technologies in one comprehensive volume Presents the basic concepts using simple one dimensional cases and then extends the
concept to three dimensional cases, enabling easier understanding of the fundamental concepts through the use of minimum mathematics Provides a solid understanding of associated physics as well as mathematical concepts for understanding the technologies, addressing diffraction problems in an integrated format by using Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation Uses extensive examples demonstrating the benefits and drawbacks of various applications, including beamforming and acoustic holography A valuable resource forpost/graduate students, acoustic engineers, audio and noise control system developers.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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