Front Cover -- Nanocrystalline Materials -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of contributors -- 1 Preparation, Structure, and Application of Carbon Nanotubes/Bamboo Charcoal Composite -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Bamboo Charcoal -- 1.2.1 Morphology, Phase, and Compositions of Bamboo Charcoal -- 1.2.2 Phases of the Minerals Inside Bamboo Charcoal -- 1.3 Functional Materials Derived from Charcoal -- 1.4 Synthesis of CNTs/Bamboo Charcoal -- 1.4.1 Low-Temperature CVD Method Assisted by Extra Catalyst -- 1.4.2 Higher Temperature CVD Method Assisted by Silicate Inside Bamboo Charcoal -- 1.4.3 Arc Discharge and Current Heating of Charcoal -- 1.5 Applications of CNT/Bamboo Charcoal -- 1.5.1 Water Purification -- 1.5.2 Hydrogen Storage -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Hierarchically Nanostructured One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Arrays for Solar Cells -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Measurements of Charge Transport and Recombination in the DSSCs -- 2.2.1 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy -- 2.2.2 Optical Modulation Spectroscopy-Intensity-Modulated Photocurrent Spectroscopy and Intensity-Modulated Photovoltage Sp... -- 2.3 ZnO-Based DSSCs -- 2.4 Wet Chemical Route to ZnO NW-Layered Basic Zinc Acetate/ZnO NP Composite Film for Use in DSSCs -- 2.4.1 Formation and Structural Characterizations of ZnO NW-LBZA/ZnO NP Composite Film -- 2.4.2 Formation Mechanism of the NW-NP Composite Film -- 2.4.3 Photovoltaic Performances of the Mercurochrome-Sensitized ZnO NW-NP DSSCs -- 2.4.4 Charge Transport Properties in the Mercurochrome-Sensitized ZnO NW-NP DSSCs -- 2.5 Light Scattering Layers on 1D Nanostructured ZnO DSSC Anodes -- 2.5.1 Construction of Nanocrystalline Film on ZnO NW Array via Swelling Electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Host Nanofibers -- 2.5.2 Photovoltaic Performances of the D149-Sensitized ZnO NW DSSCs with Electrospun Light Scattering Layers.

2.6 3D ZnO ND/NP Composite Films for Use in DSSCs -- 2.6.1 Formation and Structural Characterizations of the ZnO ND Arrays and ZnO ND/NP Composite Films -- 2.6.2 Formation Mechanism of ZnO ND -- 2.6.3 Photovoltaic Performances and Charge Transport Properties of the D149-Sensitized ZnO ND and ZnO ND/NP Composite DSSCs -- 2.7 Room-Temperature Fast Construction of ZnO Nanoarchitectures on 1D Array Templates for DSSCs -- 2.7.1 Formation and Structural Characterizations of the ZnO NC Arrays -- 2.7.2 Photovoltaic Performances and Charge Transport Properties of the D149-Sensitized ZnO NC DSSCs -- 2.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 One-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Energy Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of 1D Nanomaterials -- 3.2.1 Synthesis of 1D Nanomaterials -- 3.2.1.1 Top-Down Methods -- Reactive Ion Etching -- Anodic Oxidation -- Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching -- 3.2.1.2 Bottom-Up Approaches -- Vapor Phase Growth -- Liquid Phase Growth -- Electrospinning -- Template-Assisted Synthesis -- 3.2.2 Characterization -- 3.2.2.1 Morphology, Composition, and Crystallography -- 3.2.2.2 Bandgap and Point Defects -- 3.2.2.3 Trace Dopants -- 3.2.3 Fundamental Properties -- 3.2.3.1 Electrical Property -- 3.2.3.2 Optical Property -- 3.2.3.3 Thermal Property -- 3.2.3.4 Mechanical Property -- 3.3 Solar Energy Harvesting -- 3.3.1 Photovoltaic Cells -- 3.3.2 Photoelectrochemical Cells -- 3.3.3 Solar Hydrogen Production -- 3.4 Piezoelectric Energy Transformation -- 3.4.1 Piezoelectric Effect -- 3.4.2 Piezoelectric Nanogenerators -- 3.5 Thermal Energy Conversion -- 3.5.1 Thermoelectric Generators -- 3.5.2 Pyroelectric Generators -- 3.6 Energy Storage -- 3.6.1 H2 Fuel Cells -- 3.6.2 Li-Ion Battery -- 3.6.3 Supercapacitors -- 3.7 Summary and Outlook -- References.

4 Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Property, and Application -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 4.2.1 Synthesis of Core Nanoparticles -- 4.2.2 Synthesis of Core-Shell Nanoparticles -- 4.3 Tuning Nanoparticle Properties -- 4.3.1 Tuning Shape and Size -- 4.3.2 Tuning Optical Emission -- 4.3.3 Tuning Surface Properties and Functionality -- 4.4 Technological Applications -- 4.4.1 Bioapplication -- 4.4.1.1 Biodetection -- 4.4.1.2 Bioimaging -- 4.4.1.3 Therapeutics -- 4.4.2 Photovoltaic Application -- 4.4.2.1 DF Nanoparticles for PV Application -- 4.4.2.2 DC Nanoparticles for PV Application -- 4.4.2.3 UC Nanoparticles for PV Application -- 4.4.3 Other Applications -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 5 Self-Assembled Monolayer Covalently Fixed on Oxide-Free Silicon -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chemical Reactions of Si-H Groups with Organic Molecules -- 5.3 Photochemical Grafting of Alkyl SAMs on Si(111)-H -- 5.3.1 Molecular Grafting with Visible-Light Activation -- 5.3.2 HD-SAMs on Si Prepared by the Three Different Methods -- 5.3.3 Wavelength Dependence on the Photoactivation Process -- 5.4 Photochemical Preparation of Methyl-Terminated Si(111) -- 5.4.1 Methyl-Termination Process -- 5.4.2 Properties of CH3-Terminated Si(111) -- 5.5 Chemical and Mechanical Properties of SAMs on Si -- 5.5.1 SAMs Prepared for Chemical Durability Testing -- 5.5.2 Chemical Durability -- 5.5.3 Tribological Properties of Direct-Bonding SAMs on Si -- 5.6 Electronic Functions of Direct-Bonding SAMs on Si -- 5.6.1 SAMs as Dielectric Layers -- 5.6.2 Redox-Active SAM on Si -- 5.7 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 6 Nanocomposite Dielectric Materials for Organic Flexible Electronics -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Development of Organic Electronics -- 6.3 Basic Concept of Dielectric Materials in Organic Electronics.

6.4 Nanocomposite Dielectrics with Unmodified Nanoparticles -- 6.5 Nanocomposite Dielectrics with Modified Nanoparticles -- 6.6 Characterization of the Nanocomposite Dielectrics -- 6.7 Electrical Properties of the Devices on Nanocomposite Dielectrics -- 6.8 Bending Experiments of the Flexible Devices -- 6.9 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery -- 7.2.1 Semiconductor Quantum Dots -- 7.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 7.2.3 Layered Double Hydroxides -- 7.2.4 Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials -- 7.2.5 Organic Nanoparticles -- 7.2.6 Metal Nanomaterials -- 7.2.7 Micro/Nanobubbles -- 7.2.8 Multifunctional Nanomaterials -- 7.2.9 Toxicity and Hazards of Nanomaterials -- 7.3 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Processing and Deformation Characteristics of Metals Reinforced with Ceramic Nanoparticles -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Fabrication of MMNCs -- 8.2.1 Liquid-State Processing -- 8.2.1.1 Al-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.2.1.2 Mg-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.2.2 Solid-State Processing -- 8.2.2.1 Al-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.2.2.2 Mg-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.3 Mechanical Properties -- 8.3.1 Al-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.3.1.1 Nanocomposites Fabricated by Liquid-State Processing -- 8.3.1.2 Nanocomposites Fabricated by Solid-State Processing -- 8.3.2 Mg-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.3.2.1 Nanocomposites Fabricated by Liquid-State Processing -- 8.3.2.2 Nanocomposites Fabricated by Solid-State Processing -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Polymer Nanocomposites with High Permittivity -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Routes of Permittivity Improvement in Polymeric Materials -- 9.2.1 Design and Adjustment of Molecular Structure of Polymers -- 9.2.2 A Simple Route by Introducing Nanoparticles into Polymers -- 9.2.3 Physical Parameters for Characterizing Dielectric Polymer Composites.

9.3 Ceramic Nanoparticle/Polymer Nanocomposites with High Permittivity -- 9.4 Metal Nanoparticle/Polymer Nanocomposites with High Permittivity -- 9.5 Organic Nanoparticle/Polymer Nanocomposites with High Permittivity -- 9.6 Carbon Nanoparticle/Polymer Nanocomposites with High Permittivity -- 9.7 Current Issues and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Synthesis and Structural-Mechanical Property Characteristics of Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Fabrication of Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites -- 10.2.1 Functionalization of GO -- 10.2.2 Solution Mixing -- 10.2.3 In situ Polymerization -- 10.2.4 Melt Mixing -- 10.3 Mechanical Properties -- 10.3.1 Thermoplastic Matrix -- 10.3.2 Thermosetting Matrix -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Zener Tunneling in Polymer Nanocomposites with Carbonaceous Fillers -- 11.1 Background -- 11.2 Electrical Conduction Behavior -- 11.2.1 Percolation -- 11.2.2 Nonlinear Electrical Conductivity -- 11.2.3 Electrical Transport Mechanisms -- 11.3 Zener Tunneling in Polymer Nanocomposites with Carbonaceous Fillers -- 11.3.1 Zener Tunneling -- 11.3.2 The Emerging Model -- 11.3.3 Zener Tunneling in CNF/CNT-Based Polymer Nanocomposites -- 11.3.4 Zener Tunneling in GNP-Based Polymer Nanocomposites -- 11.3.5 Zener Tunneling in Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites -- 11.4 Concluding Remarks -- References.