Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Second Language Spanish -- Chapter 1 Corpus-based Research in Second Language Spanish -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Learner Corpora and SLA -- 1.3 Spanish Learner Corpora -- 1.4 Corpus-based Research: The Way Forward -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Functional Approaches to Second Language Spanish -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Functional Studies of Spanish as a Second Language -- 2.3 Conclusions and Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Generative Approaches to Spanish Second Language Acquisition -- 3.1 General Introduction -- 3.2 Universal Grammar: Domain-Specific Language Faculty and a Theory of Linguistics -- 3.3 The Minimalist Program -- 3.4 Core Questions -- 3.5 Methodology -- 3.6 A Concise History of Spanish Generative SLA -- 3.7 Recent Trends in Spanish GSLA -- 3.8 Some Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Psycholinguistic Approaches to Second Language Spanish -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theories, Models, and Debates -- 4.3 Behavioral Methods -- 4.4 Event Related Potentials and Neuroimaging -- 4.5 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5 Variationist Approaches to Second Language Spanish -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Variationism in SLA: Theory and Method -- 5.3 Key Contributions -- 5.4 Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Cognitive Linguistic Approaches to Second Language Spanish -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Cognitive Linguistics: Central Tenets -- 6.3 Implications of CL's central tenets for second language acquisition -- 6.4 Overview of Research into CL and SLA/FLT -- 6.5 Conclusions and Directions for Further Research -- Notes -- References.

Part II Phonology in Second Language Spanish -- Chapter 7 Voice Onset Time in Second Language Spanish -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Background -- 7.3 Studies on L2 Spanish Stop Consonant Production -- 7.4 Studies on L2 Spanish Stop Consonant Perception -- 7.5 Discussion -- 7.6 Areas for Future Research -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 8 Speech Perception in Second Language Spanish -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Empirical Findings in L2 Spanish Perception -- 8.3 Summary and Directions for Future Research -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 Segmental Phonology in Second Language Spanish -- 9.1 Introduction and Purpose of the Chapter -- 9.2 What are the Factors that are Included to Account for L2 Phonological Attainment? -- 9.3 What are the Variables Examined and What are Some of the Theoretical Frameworks Used? -- 9.4 Final Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 10 Suprasegmental Phenomena in Second Language Spanish -- 10.1 Suprasegmental Phonology -- 10.2 Suprasegmental Structure in Spanish -- 10.3 General Principles of First and Second Language Phonology -- 10.4 First and Second Language Suprasegmentals -- 10.5 Suprasegmental Acquisition in Spanish -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part III Developing Grammars in Second Language Spanish -- Chapter 11 Object Pronouns in Second Language Spanish -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Spanish Object Pronouns -- 11.3 Cognitive-Functionalist Approaches: Form-Function Mapping in L2 Production -- 11.4 Linguistic Approaches -- 11.5 Input Processing -- 11.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 12 Grammatical Gender in Second Language Spanish -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Spanish Grammatical Gender and its L1 Acquisition -- 12.3 L2 Spanish Gender Acquisition: Offline Studies -- 12.4 Psycholinguistic Research on L2 Spanish Gender: Online Studies -- 12.5 New Research Directions -- References.

Chapter 13 The Acquisition of the Copula Contrast in Second Language Spanish -- 13.1 Stages of Acquisition of the Functions of the Copulas in Spanish -- 13.2 The Examination of Development of a Single Function -- 13.3 Additional Factors -- 13.4 Remaining Challenges and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 14 Tense and Aspect in Second Language Spanish -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The Spanish Tempo-Aspectual System -- 14.3 The Acquisition of Tense and Aspect in L2 Spanish -- 14.4 Theoretical Approaches in the Study of L2 Spanish Tense/Aspect -- 14.5 Teaching the Preterit and Imperfect in L2 Spanish -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 15 Subject Pronouns in Second Language Spanish -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Generative Approaches -- 15.3 Processing Models -- 15.4 Discourse-Pragmatic Approaches -- 15.5 A Sociolinguist/Variationist Approach -- 15.6 Tying It All Together -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 16 Subjunctive in Second Language Spanish -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Key Concepts -- 16.3 Internal and External Factors Affecting L2 Subjunctive Development -- 16.4 Universal Grammar and L2 Mood Development -- 16.5 Cognitive Perspectives on Subjunctive Development and Relevant Instructional Interventions -- 16.6 Contextual Factors Affecting Subjunctive Development and Variation -- 16.7 Future Research Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 17 Word Order in Second Language Spanish -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 The NP Domain: The Order of Adjectives -- 17.3 The Sentence Domain: Argument Structure -- 17.4 Beyond the Sentence: The Left Periphery and the CP Domain -- 17.5 How Word Order Has Been Investigated in L2 Spanish: Research Methods -- 17.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 18 Meaning in Second Language Spanish -- 18.1 Types of Linguistic Meaning -- 18.2 The Syntax-Semantics Interface.

18.3 The Syntax-Lexicon Interface -- 18.4 The Syntax-Discourse Interface -- 18.5 The Syntax-Pragmatics Interface -- 18.6 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 19 Language in Context -- 19.1 Exploring Research on L2 Spanish Pragmatics -- 19.2 Role of Instruction in Spanish ILP -- 19.3 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part IV Individual and Social Factors in Second Language Spanish -- Chapter 20 Ultimate Attainment in Spanish L2 Acquisition -- 20.1 What is Ultimate Attainment? -- 20.2 Age Effects in L2 Acquisition -- 20.3 Is Native-Like Competence Possible in L2 Spanish? -- 20.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21 Affective Factors and Second Language Spanish -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Motivation and Attitude Research -- 21.3 Language Anxiety -- 21.4 Willingness to Communicate -- 21.5 Methods of Research -- 21.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 22 Study Abroad and Second Language Spanish -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Theoretical and Methodological Approaches -- 22.3 Themes Examined in Spanish SA Research -- 22.4 The Effect of Contextual, Individual, and Social Factors -- 22.5 Effect of Explicit Instruction on SA Outcomes -- 22.6 Programmatic Implications of SA Research to Date -- 22.7 Future Research -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 23 Heritage Learners of Spanish -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Heritage Learners' Spanish -- 23.3 Studies of Heritage Learners' Spanish Development -- 23.4 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 24 Comparing Second Language Learners to Other Populations -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 The Logic of Population Comparisons -- 24.3 Comparing Outcomes in Different Domains of Grammar: 3 Case Studies -- 24.4 Interpreting Population Comparisons -- References -- Part V Acquisition in the Second Language Spanish Classroom.

Chapter 25 Acquisition of Grammar by Instructed Learners -- 25.1 The Role of Instruction in SLA -- 25.2 Individual Spanish L2 Structures as Test Cases -- 25.3 Conclusions and Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 26 Acquisition of Reading in Second Language Spanish -- 26.1 Reader-Based Factors -- 26.2 Text-Based Factors -- 26.3 Assessment of L2 Reading -- 26.4 Directions for Future Research -- References -- Chapter 27 Acquisition of Writing in Second Language Spanish -- 27.1 Introduction -- 27.2 The Writing Process -- 27.3 The Writing Product -- 27.4 Feedback and Revision -- 27.5 Research Agenda: Toward More Insight into Spanish L2 Writing -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 28 Exploring Lexical Diversity in Second Language Spanish -- 28.1 Introduction -- 28.2 Vocabulary Knowledge and Use -- 28.3 Measuring Lexical Diversity -- 28.4 The Present Study -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 29 Teaching Pronunciation in Second Language Spanish -- 29.1 Introduction -- 29.2 Do We Teach Spanish Pronunciation? -- 29.3 Instructed Spanish Pronunciation -- 29.4 The Future of Teaching Spanish Pronunciation -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 30 Instructor Characteristics and Classroom-Based SLA of Spanish -- 30.1 Introduction -- 30.2 Instructor Characteristics and Classroom SLA -- 30.3 Instructor Characteristics Examined to Date -- 30.4 Investigating Instructor Characteristics: Challenges and Proposed Solutions -- 30.5 Conclusions and Areas for Future Research -- Notes -- References.