Social Media, Sociality, and Survey Research -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Social Media, Sociality, and Survey Research -- What Is Social Media? -- Social Media Origins -- Social Networking Sites and Platforms -- Blogs -- Twitter -- Facebook -- LinkedIn -- Second Life -- Other Social Networking Platforms and Functionalities -- Why Should Survey Researchers Be Interested in Social Media? -- The Current State of Survey Research -- Falling Response Rates -- Frame Coverage Errors -- The Coming Age of Ubiquity -- Public vs. Private Data -- Social Media Interaction: Next Wave (or Subwave)? -- Adding Social Media to the Survey Research Toolbox -- Toward Using the Concept of Sociality in Survey Research of the Future -- How Can Survey Researchers Use Social Media Data? -- References -- 2. Sentiment Analysis: Providing Categorical Insight into Unstructured Textual Data -- Describing Emotional or Subjective Feeling in Textual Data -- Definition of Machine-Augmented Sentiment Analysis -- How Sentiment Analysis Is Used with Text Data -- Different Ways of Representing Sentiment -- Ordinal Scales -- Nominal Emotion Classification -- Neutral Sentiment -- Techniques for Determining Sentiment -- Precursors to Analysis -- Harvesting -- Structure and Understand -- Approaches to Determining Sentiment -- Machine-Coded Sentiment Analysis -- Human-Coded Sentiment Analysis -- Sentiment Analysis as a Subset of Text Analytics -- Current Limitations of Sentiment Analysis -- References -- 3. Can Tweets Replace Polls? A U.S. Health-Care Reform Case Study -- Methods -- Twitter Data -- Public Opinion About Health-Care Reform: Kaiser Health Tracking Poll -- Analysis -- Results -- RQ1: To What Extent Was Health-Care Reform Discussed on Twitter?.

RQ2: What Is the Distribution of Sentiment of Health-Care Reform Tweets? -- RQ3. Do Trends in the Sentiment of Tweets About Health-Care Reform Correlate with Observed Trends in Public Opinion About Health-Care Reform from Nationally Representative Probability-Based Surveys? -- KFF Trends -- Comparison -- RQ4. What Are the Key Topics Discussed in Health-Care Reform Tweets? -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 4. The Facebook Platform and the Future of Social Research -- The Changing Web: From Searchable to Social -- Digital and Digitized Data -- The Case for Facebook Integration -- Data and the Graph API -- Facebook Applications -- Social Plugins -- The Future, Mobile Apps, and the Ever Increasing Complexity of the Social Graph -- References -- 5. Virtual Cognitive Interviewing Using Skype and Second Life -- Brief Background on Cognitive Interviews -- Cognitive Interviewing Current Practice -- Practitioners' Techniques -- Cognitive Interviews in Practice: Present and Future -- Second Life for Survey Research -- Methods -- Recruitment -- Screening -- Incentive -- Think-Aloud and Probes -- Results -- Overall Participant Characteristics -- Feasibility of Pilot Study -- Quality of Cognitive Interviews by Mode -- Participant Disengagement -- Nonverbal Cues -- Total Problems -- Type and Severity of Problems -- Conclusions -- Discussion and Future Research -- References -- 6. Second Life as a Survey Lab: Exploring the Randomized Response Technique in a Virtual Setting -- Overview of Second Life -- Research in Second Life -- The Randomized Response Technique -- Study Design -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- 7. Decisions, Observations, and Considerations for Developing a Mobile Survey App and Panel -- Impact of the Evolution of Technology on Data Collection -- Telephone Interviewing -- Web Interviewing -- Cell Phones -- Smartphones.

Building an App -- Goals -- Preliminary Findings -- Recruitment -- Respondent Communication -- Survey Topics -- Respondent Impressions on Incentives, Survey Length, and Frequency -- Next Steps -- References -- 8. Crowdsourcing: A Flexible Method for Innovation, Data Collection, and Analysis in Social Science Research -- What Is Crowdsourcing? -- Open Innovation -- Cisco Systems I-Prize Challenge -- RTI International's 2012 Research Challenge -- Options for Hosting Your Own Challenges -- Legal Considerations -- Data Collection -- Crowdsourcing Survey Response on Mechanical Turk -- Targeted Data Collection -- Cost Considerations -- MyHeartMap Challenge -- Analysis by Crowdsourcing -- Sentiment Analysis -- Challenge-Based Data Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- 9. Collecting Diary Data on Twitter -- Background -- Twitter -- Diaries -- Methods -- Recruitment -- Data Collection -- Results -- Nonresponse -- Data Quality -- Incentive Preference -- Participant Feedback -- Discussion -- References -- 10. Recruiting Participants with Chronic Conditions in Second Life -- Background -- Methods -- Instrument Development -- Recruitment Methods -- Survey Administration -- Results -- Discussion -- Communities -- Using Existing Second Life Resources -- Other Effective Methods -- The Importance of the Recruitment Avatar -- Conclusion -- References -- 11. Gamification of Market Research -- Significance of Gamification in Market Research -- Apply Gamification to Market Research -- Gamification in Survey Design -- Apply Rules to Question Design -- Add the Competitive Element -- Add Reward Mechanics -- Give Feedback -- Make Tasks More Involving -- Ensure the Challenge Can Be Accomplished -- How to Design Questions To Be More Game-Like -- Common Questions About Gamification -- Who Responds to Gamification? -- What Impact Does Gamification Have on the Data?.

How Do These Techniques Work in Different Cultures? -- Conclusions -- References -- 12. The Future of Social Media, Sociality, and Survey Research -- Statistical Challenges with Social Media Data -- Quality and Representativeness -- Sampling from Social Media Sources -- Population Estimation from Social Media Data -- Future Opportunities -- What Does the Future Hold? -- Sociality Hierarchy Level 1: Broadcast -- Sociality Hierarchy Level 2: Conversation -- Sociality Hierarchy Level 3: Community -- Final Thoughts -- References -- Index.