Percutaneous Renal Surgery -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributor List -- Preface -- About the Companion Website -- SECTION 1 Introduction -- Chapter 1 Percutaneous Renal Access: A Historical Perspective -- Introduction -- History -- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Percutaneous transitional cell carcinoma resection -- Percutaneous endopyelotomy -- Other applications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Interventional Imaging and Radiation Safety -- Introduction -- Basic radiation physics -- Percutaneous renal surgery for stones -- Interventional imaging and radiation safety for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma -- Interventional imaging and radiation safety for percutaneous renal mass ablation -- Conclusion -- References -- SECTION 2 Percutaneous Management of Large Renal Calculi (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) -- Chapter 3 Epidemiology of Large Renal Stones and Utilization Patterns of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy -- Introduction -- The large renal stone -- Trends in percutaneous nephrolithotomy utilization -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Evolution of Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy -- Introduction -- Choice of treatment -- Surgical planning -- Postoperative considerations -- References -- Chapter 5 Patient Selection and Informed Consent -- Patient selection -- Informed consent -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Percutaneous Access -- Informed consent -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting -- Postoperative follow-up -- References -- Chapter 7 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Tract Dilation and Endoscopes -- Upper tract dilation -- Endoscopes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Intracorporeal Lithotrites.

Introduction -- Pneumatic lithotripters -- Ultrasonic lithotripters -- Dual ultrasonic and ballistic lithotripters -- Electrohydraulic lithotripter -- Holmium: YAG laser -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting for rigid intracorporeal lithotripters -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone -- Introduction -- Informed consent -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient positioning -- Instruments -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative tips/trouble-shooting -- Postoperative care -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Supine -- Introduction -- Indications for supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Informed consent -- Instrumentation -- Technique -- Visceral injury in supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy in special situations -- Outcome for supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Prone-Flexed/Lateral -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting -- References -- Chapter 12 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Endoscopic Guidance -- Evolution of retrograde percutaneous access -- Technique -- Role in urological practice -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy -- Introduction -- Informed consent -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting -- Postoperative follow-up -- References.

Chapter 14 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Multiple Access -- Introduction -- Patient preparation -- Informed consent -- Instrumentation -- Anesthesia -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting -- Follow-up -- References -- Chapter 15 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Tube or Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy -- Introduction -- Definition of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Advantages of tubeless versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Use of hemostatic agents in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Supracostal access -- Special considerations -- Informed consent -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting -- Postoperative follow-up -- Postoperative trouble-shooting/auxiliary procedures after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Chapter 16 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Postoperative Imaging Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy -- Introduction -- The importance of residual fragments -- Diagnosis of residual fragments -- Evaluation of hydrothorax -- Additional considerations -- References -- Chapter 17 Instrumentation and Surgical Technique: Step-by-Step Antegrade Ureteric Stenting -- Principles and prerequisites -- Patient preparation -- Equipment -- Patient position -- Analgesia and sedation -- Technique -- Rendezvous stenting -- Special situations -- Pitfalls and dangers -- Conclusion -- References -- SECTION 3 Percutaneous Management of Transitional Cell Cancer (Percutaneous Resection of Tumor) -- Chapter 18 Epidemiology of Disease (Upper Tract Transitional Cell Cancer) -- Overall incidence and trend -- Tumor location and stage at presentation.

Age, sex, and race -- Smoking and occupational exposure -- Analgesic abuse -- Other environmental risk factors -- Hereditary cases of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma -- Metachronous upper tract transitional cell carcinoma -- Metachronous bladder transitional cell carcinoma -- Prognosis -- References -- Chapter 19 Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma -- References -- Chapter 20 Patient Selection and Informed Consent -- Introduction -- Patient selection -- Informed consent -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21 Percutaneous Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma -- Introduction -- Indications -- Techniques -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- SECTION 4 Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Cell Cancer (Thermal and Nonthermal) -- Chapter 22 Epidemiology and Biology of Small Renal Masses -- Epidemiology of small renal masses -- Tumor biology and natural history of small renal masses -- Renal mass sampling -- Functional impact of small renal mass treatment -- Management of small renal masses and role of thermal ablation (Table  22.2) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 23 Evolution of Evidence-Based Outcomes for Percutaneous Management -- Introduction -- Oncological outcomes -- Complications -- Preservation of renal function -- Length of hospital stay and postoperative convalescence -- Cost-effectiveness -- Alternative techniques -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 24 Patient Selection and Informed Consent -- Introduction -- Patient selection -- Informed consent -- References -- Chapter 25 Instrumentation and Technique: Cryotherapy -- Introduction -- Patient selection -- Informed consent -- Preoperative patient preparation -- Principles of ablation -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique -- Management of complications -- Postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 26 Instrumentation and Technique: Hyperthermal Ablation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation -- Introduction -- History -- How radiofrequency ablation works (Figure  26.2) -- Radiofrequency blation -- Microwave ablation -- Future outlook -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 27 Instrumentation and Technique: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound -- Introduction -- Informed consent -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique -- Intraoperative trouble-shooting -- Postoperative follow-up -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 28 Instrumentation and Technique: Laser -- Introduction -- Laser technology for renal ablation -- Experimental studies -- Clinical studies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 29 Instrumentation and Technique: Irreversible Electroporation -- Background and preclinical data -- Clinical data -- General surgical considerations -- Instrumentation and technology -- Informed consent -- Positioning and step-by-step technique -- Postoperative follow-up -- References -- Chapter 30 Instrumentation and Techniques in Renal Radiosurgery -- Informed consent -- Preoperative preparation -- Patient positioning -- Instrumentation -- Step-by-step technique (Video Clip 30.1) -- Intraoperative troubleshooting -- Posttreatment follow-up -- References -- Chapter 31 Instrumentation and Technique: Renal Histotripsy -- Controlled acoustic cavitation -- Tissue homogenization -- Ultrasound feedback -- Histotripsy dose-bioeffect relationship -- Histotripsy thresholds and renal structures -- Hemostasis with histotripsy -- Chronic histotripsy effects -- Histotripsy of malignant tissue -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.