Contents -- List of Photographs, Graphs, Maps, and Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction: Saving Lives in the Context of Disease, Poverty and War -- Communicable Disease -- Superstition -- Patriarchal Oppression -- Conduct of Warfare -- Disregard for the Peasantry -- The Argument -- 1. Epidemics, Wars and Public Healthcare Advocacy in Republican China, 1911-1928 -- Epidemic Disease and Public Healthcare up to 1928 -- Lack of Scientific Rigor -- Government Indifference -- Injecting Science-based Thinking into Chinese Education and Public Policy -- Ill Health and National Weakness -- State Medicine and Gongyi Zhidu (公医制度) -- 2. Advances and Setbacks in Nationalist China's Public Health Management, 1928-1937 -- Rise and Fall of the Ministry of Health, 1928-1931 -- Progress under the National Health Administration, 1931-1937 -- Getting Preventive Health into Rural and Urban Health Agencies -- Nationalist Rural Health Initiatives in Jiangxi Province -- Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health -- The National Health Administration's Summary of Public Health Results during the Nanjing Era 1928-1937 -- Conclusion: How the National Health Administration Made a Difference during the Nanjing Era, 1928-1937 -- 3. Red Army Health Services in Jiangxi and on the Long March, 1927-1936 -- Creating Healthcare under the Stress of Civil War, 1927-1930 -- Healthcare during the First Two Encirclement and Suppression Campaigns, 1930-1931 -- Advancement of Healthcare during the Third Encirclement and Suppression Campaign, July to September 1931 -- Expanding the Scope of Healthcare: Red Army Healthcare School and Medical Supply Workshops -- Campaign against Epidemic Disease -- The Fourth and Fifth Encirclement and Suppression Campaigns, June 1932 to October 1934.

Health Care during the Long March from Jiangxi to Northwest China -- Arrival of Red Army Forces in Northern Shaanxi and Revival of the United Front -- Summary -- 4. Japanese Invasion, Army Medicine, and the Chinese Red Cross Medical Relief Corps (CRCMRC), 1937-1942 -- Part I: Constructing a Modern Military Healthcare System -- Army Medical Services up to 1937 -- Army Healthcare Units in Wartime: The Early Phase -- The Chinese Red Cross and War Relief -- Lin Kesheng and the Chinese Red Cross Medical Relief Corps -- Organization of Emergency Medical Service Training School (EMSTS) -- Growth of Medical Relief Corps Work, 1938-1940 -- Part II: Politics Prevail over Healthcare -- Reorganization of Chinese Red Cross Headquarters and Downgrading of Lin Kesheng -- Lin's Ambitions for the EMSTS and the MRC -- Problems in Army Medical Management -- Lin's Move to Convert EMSTS and MRC into Centers of Modern Medicine -- Political Troubles Assail Dr. Lin -- Fights over Control of Assets, Lin in Burma and India, and Lin's Resignation from the MRC -- Conclusion: Outcomes in the Balance -- 5. How Rigidity, Disease and Hunger Undermined Nationalist China's Military Medical Reformers -- Eclipse of Lin Kesheng and the MRC -- EMSTS, X Force and US Medical Services of Supply: How Lin's Organizations Continued His Work -- EMSTS, Y Force, and the ABMAC Blood Bank -- EMSTS Work in Central China -- Campaign Ichigo, Refugee Crisis, and Disease -- Z Force and American Medical Aid -- The Alpha Plan Triggers Changes in Military Medical Policy, and Lin Kesheng Returns to Office -- Effects of the Alpha Plan on Nationalist Army Medical Field Commands -- Food, the Key to Military Health and Performance -- Lin Aids in Upgrading China's Medical Services of Supply (SOS) -- Unsolved Problems of Army Conscription -- 1945: Reorganization of the AMA -- Conclusion: Unsolvable Problems.

6. Public Health Amid the Turmoil of War, 1938-1949 -- Setbacks and Recoveries during Early War Years -- Developments in Rural Healthcare in Southwest China -- More Crises and Recovery at the NHA -- Emergent Wartime Needs: Epidemic Prevention and Medical Relief -- Public Health Reconstruction: The Public Healthcare System -- Hyperinflation and Survival during the Later War Years -- Heights and Depths of Rural Healthcare in Sichuan -- Postwar Challenges -- Postscript -- 7. Yan'an's Health Services under Mao Zedong's Leadership, 1937-1945 -- Confronting Famine and Disease -- Significance of Healthcare for Mao Zedong -- Setting up Central Medical Services and Strengthening Party Medical Policy -- Military Medical Service: "Rescuing the Dying and Healing the Wounded" with Limited Medical Capability -- The Japanese Military Onslaught in North China, and Its Effect on Army and Civilian Healthcare -- Civilian Healthcare: Confronting Superstition, Maternal-Child Mortality and Infectious Disease -- Rural Health: Addressing the Drastic Problems of Maternal and Child Health in Northwest China -- Fighting Epidemic Disease -- Impact of Bacterial Warfare on Public Health in North China -- Conclusion: Results Obtained from Mao's Ideas on Health -- 8. Saving Lives in Wartime China: Why It Mattered -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.