Surface Treatment of Materials for Adhesive Bonding.
Title:
Surface Treatment of Materials for Adhesive Bonding.
Author:
Ebnesajjad, Sina.
ISBN:
9780323265041
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (360 pages)
Contents:
Front Cover -- Surface Treatment of Materials for Adhesive Bonding -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to First Edition -- Acknowledgments -- I. Background and Theory -- 1 Introduction to Surface Preparation -- 1.1 Definition of Surface Preparation, Adhesives, and Adhesive Bonding -- 1.2 Introduction to Surface Treatment -- 1.2.1 Degreasing -- 1.2.2 Abrasion -- 1.2.3 Chemical Treatment -- References -- 2 Surface Tension and Its Measurement -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 What is an Interface? -- 2.3 Surface Tension -- 2.4 Surface Free Energy -- 2.4.1 Surface Energy of Solids -- 2.4.2 Work of Adhesion -- 2.5 Contact Angle (Young's Equation) -- 2.6 Laplace's Equation -- 2.7 Effect of Temperature on Surface Tension -- 2.8 Surface Tension Measurement -- 2.8.1 Measurement for Liquids: Du Nouy Ring and Wilhelmy Plate Methods -- 2.8.2 Measurement for Solids: Liquid Homolog Series -- References -- 3 Surface Energy of Solids and Its Measurement -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Determining the Surface Energy of Solids -- 3.2.1 Fractional Polarity -- 3.3 Equation of State -- 3.4 Surface Tension Components -- 3.5 Polymer Melt Method -- 3.6 Critical Surface Tension -- 3.7 Other Methods for Estimation of Surface Tension of Molten Polymer -- 3.7.1 Grunberg and Nissan's Relationship -- 3.7.2 Hildebrand and Scott's Equation -- 3.7.3 McGowan's Equation -- 3.8 Shuttleworth's Equation -- References -- 4 Surface and Material Characterization Techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Surface Analysis Techniques -- 4.3 Optical (Light) Microscopy -- 4.4 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 4.5 Raman Spectroscopy -- 4.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) -- 4.7 Rutherford Backscattering Theory (RBS) -- 4.8 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) -- 4.9 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -- 4.10 Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA).
4.11 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) -- 4.12 Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS) -- 4.13 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) -- 4.14 Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) -- 4.15 Mass Spectroscopy or Spectrometry (MS) -- 4.16 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 4.17 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) -- 4.18 Gas Chromatography (GC) -- 4.19 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -- 4.20 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) -- 4.21 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) -- 4.22 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) -- 4.23 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) -- 4.24 Adhesive Bond Testing -- 4.24.1 Tensile -- 4.24.2 Shear -- 4.24.3 Peel -- References -- 5 Theories of Adhesion -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mechanical Theory -- 5.3 Electrostatic (Electronic) Theory -- 5.4 Diffusion Theory -- 5.5 Wetting Theory -- 5.6 Chemical Bonding -- 5.6.1 Acid-Base Theory of Adhesion -- 5.7 Weak Boundary Layer Theory -- 5.8 Definition of Failure Modes -- 5.9 Mechanisms of Bond Failure -- References -- II. Surface Treatment Methods and Techniques -- 6 Material Surface Preparation Techniques -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 General Considerations -- 6.3 Surface Treatment of Metals -- 6.4 Cleaning (Degreasing) Metals -- 6.4.1 General Sequence of Cleaning -- 6.4.1.1 Solvent Cleaning -- 6.4.1.2 Intermediate Cleaning -- 6.4.1.3 Chemical Treatment -- 6.5 Priming -- 6.6 Sol-gel Process -- 6.7 Surface Treatment of Plastics -- 6.7.1 Effect of Treatment on Plastic Surfaces -- 6.7.2 Surface Cleaning -- 6.7.3 Mechanical Treatment (Surface Roughening) -- 6.7.4 Corona Treatment -- 6.7.4.1 Three-Dimensional Corona Treatment -- 6.7.4.2 Corona Treatment under Chemical Atmosphere -- 6.7.5 Flame Treatment -- 6.8 Sodium Etching of Fluoroplastics -- 6.9 Methods for Evaluating Effectiveness of Surface Preparation -- 6.9.1 Dyne Liquids -- 6.9.2 Water-Break Test.
6.9.3 Contact-Angle Test -- 6.10 Surface Exposure Time (SET) -- References -- 7 Surface Preparation of Metals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Aluminum -- 7.2.1 Sol-gel Process -- 7.2.2 Immersion Etch (Optimized FPL Process) -- 7.2.3 FPL Paste Etch -- 7.2.4 Chromate-Free Etch Process -- 7.2.5 Anodization -- 7.2.5.1 Chromic Acid Anodization (CAA) -- 7.2.5.2 Sulfuric Acid Anodization (SAA) -- 7.2.5.3 Phosphoric Acid -- 7.2.5.4 Boric Sulfuric Acids Anodization (BSAA) -- 7.2.6 Brush Plated Etch (Stylus Method) -- 7.2.7 Ciba Laser Pretreatment (CLP) -- 7.3 Beryllium -- 7.4 Brass -- 7.5 Bronze -- 7.6 Cadmium -- 7.7 Copper and Copper Alloys -- 7.7.1 Nitric Acid-Sodium Chlorite (Black Oxide) -- 7.7.2 Nitric Acid-Ferric Chloride -- 7.7.3 Nitric Acid -- 7.7.4 Acid Etch (Sulfuric Acid-Dichromate-Ferric Sulfate) -- 7.8 Gold -- 7.9 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys -- 7.9.1 Alkaline-Detergent Solution -- 7.9.2 Hot Chromic Acid -- 7.9.3 Sodium Hydroxide-Chromic Acid -- 7.9.4 Anodic Treatments -- 7.9.5 Conversion Coatings and Wash Primers -- 7.10 Nickel and Nickel Alloys -- 7.10.1 Abrasive Cleaning -- 7.10.2 Nitric Acid Etch -- 7.10.3 Sulfuric-Nitric Acid Pickle -- 7.10.4 Cleaning and Treatment of Plated Parts -- 7.10.5 Nickel-Base Alloy Treatments -- 7.11 Platinum -- 7.11.1 Abrasive Cleaning -- 7.11.2 Abrasive Scouring -- 7.12 Silver -- 7.12.1 Chromate Conversion Coating -- 7.12.2 Degrease/Abrade/Prime -- 7.13 Steel -- 7.13.1 Acid Treatment -- 7.13.2 Potassium Iodide-Phosphoric Acid Method -- 7.13.3 ASTM Suggested Methods -- 7.13.3.1 Mechanical Method -- 7.13.3.2 Method for Stainless Steel -- 7.13.3.3 Nitric-Phosphoric Acid Etchant -- 7.14 Stainless Steel -- 7.14.1 Acid Etch (for Types 301 and 302 Stainless Steel) -- 7.14.2 Oxalic-Sulfuric Acid Process for Maximum Heat Resistance -- 7.14.3 Bromophosphate Treatment -- 7.14.4 ASTM Suggested Methods.
7.14.4.1 Mechanical Methods -- 7.14.4.2 Acid Etch Method 1 -- 7.14.4.3 Acid Etch Method 2 -- 7.14.4.4 Acid Etch Method 3 -- 7.14.4.5 Sodium Metasilicate -- 7.14.4.6 Acid Etch Method 4 -- 7.14.4.7 Commercial Household Cleaner -- 7.15 Tin -- 7.16 Titanium -- 7.16.1 Stabilized Phosphate-Fluoride Treatment -- 7.16.2 Alkaline Cleaning -- 7.16.3 Alkaline Etch -- 7.16.4 Pasa-Jell® Treatment -- 7.16.5 VAST Process -- 7.16.6 Alkaline-Peroxide Etch (RAE Etch) -- 7.16.7 ASTM Suggested Methods -- 7.16.7.1 Mechanical Abrasion -- 7.16.7.2 Chemical Methods -- 7.16.7.3 Acid Etch (Nitric Hydrofluoric) -- 7.16.7.4 Stainless Steel Methods -- 7.16.7.5 Chromic Acid-Fluoride Anodizing (a variant of CAA Chromic Acid Anodizing) -- 7.16.8 Sol-gel Process -- 7.17 Tungsten and Alloys -- 7.17.1 Hydrofluoric-Nitric-Sulfuric Acid Method -- 7.18 Uranium -- 7.18.1 Abrasive Method -- 7.18.2 Acetic Acid-Hydrochloric Acid Method -- 7.18.3 Nitric Acid Bath -- 7.19 Zinc and Alloys -- 7.19.1 Abrasion (for General-Purpose Bonding) -- 7.19.2 Acid Etch -- 7.19.3 Sulfuric Acid-Dichromate Etch -- 7.19.4 Conversion Coatings -- 7.20 Weld Bonding Metals -- 7.20.1 Vapor Honing/Pasa-Jell® 107-M Procedure -- 7.21 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Surface Preparation of Thermoplastics, Thermosets, and Elastomers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Thermoplastics -- 8.2.1 Acetal Copolymer (Celcon®) -- 8.2.1.1 Chromic Acid Etch -- 8.2.1.2 Hydrochloric Acid Etch -- 8.2.2 Acetal Homopolymer (Delrin®) -- 8.2.2.1 Three-Step Procedure -- 8.2.2.2 Chromic Acid Etch -- 8.2.3 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) -- 8.2.3.1 Abrasion with Primer -- 8.2.3.2 Warm Chromic Acid Etch -- 8.2.4 Allyl Diglycol Carbonate (CR-39® by PPG Industries) -- 8.2.5 Cellulosics [Cellulose Acetate, Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB), Cellulose Nitrate, Cellulose Propionate, Ethyl Cell... -- 8.2.5.1 Abrasion and Cleaning.
8.2.6 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer (ECTFE) -- 8.2.7 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE) -- 8.2.8 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) -- 8.2.9 Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer (FEP) -- 8.2.10 Ionomer -- 8.2.11 Nylon (Polyamide) -- 8.2.12 Perfluoroalkoxy Resins (PFA) -- 8.2.13 Phenylene-Oxide-Based Resins (Noryl® Polyaryl Ethers by GE Plastics) -- 8.2.14 Polyarylate (Ardel® by BP plc) -- 8.2.15 Polyaryl Sulfone (Astrel® 360 plastic) -- 8.2.15.1 Sandblast -- 8.2.15.2 Acid Etch -- 8.2.16 Polycarbonate -- 8.2.16.1 Flame Treatment -- 8.2.16.2 Abrasion -- 8.2.16.3 General Electric Procedure for Use with RTV Silicone Adhesives -- 8.2.17 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) -- 8.2.18 Polyester (Saturated) -- 8.2.18.1 Treatments for Valox® Thermoplastic Polyester -- 8.2.18.2 Treatment (Abrade-Degrease) for Celanex® Thermoplastic Polyester -- 8.2.18.3 Treatment for Tenite® Cellulosic Plastics -- 8.2.19 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) -- 8.2.20 Polyethersulfone (PES) (Victrex plc) -- 8.2.21 Polyetherimide (Ultem® from GE Plastics) -- 8.2.22 Polyethylene (PE) -- 8.2.22.1 Chromic Acid Etch -- 8.2.22.2 Oxidizing Flame Method -- 8.2.22.3 Gas Plasma Treatment -- 8.2.23 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (Plexiglas® - Arkema Corporation) -- 8.2.24 Polymethylpentene (TPX®) -- 8.2.24.1 Degreasing-Abrasion (for General-Purpose Bonding) -- 8.2.24.2 Chromic Acid Etch -- 8.2.24.3 Acid Permanganate Etch -- 8.2.25 Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) (Ryton® - Chevron Phillips Chemical Co.) -- 8.2.25.1 Solvent-Sandblast-Solvent -- 8.2.25.2 Picatinny Arsenal Method -- 8.2.26 Polypropylene (PP) -- 8.2.26.1 Chromic Acid Etch -- 8.2.26.2 Oxidizing Flame Method -- 8.2.26.3 Gas Plasma Method -- 8.2.27 Polystyrene (PS) -- 8.2.27.1 Abrading, Sanding -- 8.2.27.2 Sodium Dichromate-Sulfuric Acid Process -- 8.2.27.3 Non-Immersion Etch Process.
8.2.28 Polysulfone (Udel® - Solvay Advance Polymers).
Abstract:
Aimed at engineers and materials scientists in a wide range of sectors, this book is a unique source of surface preparation principles and techniques for plastics, thermosets, elastomers, ceramics and metals bonding. With emphasis on the practical, it draws together the technical principles of surface science and surface treatments technologies to enable practitioners to improve existing surface preparation processes to improve adhesion and, as a result, enhance product life. This book describes and illustrates the surface preparations and operations that must be applied to a surface before acceptable adhesive bonding is achieved. It is meant to be an exhaustive overview, including more detailed explanation where necessary, in a continuous and logical progression. The book provides a necessary grounding in the science and practice of adhesion, without which adequate surface preparation is impossible. Surface characterization techniques are included, as is an up-to-date assessment of existing surface treatment technologies such as Atmospheric Plasma, Degreasing, Grit blasting, laser ablation and more. Fundamental material considerations are prioritised over specific applications, making this book relevant to all industries using adhesives, such as medical, automotive, aerospace, packaging and electronics. This second edition represents a full and detailed update, with all major developments in the field included and three chapters added to cover ceramic surface treatment, plasma treatment of non-metallic materials, and the effect of additives on surface properties of plastics. A vital resource for improving existing surface treatment processes to increase product life by creating stronger, more durable adhesive bonds Relevant across a variety of industries, including medical, automotive and packaging Provides essential grounding in the science of
surface adhesion, and details how this links with the practice of surface treatment.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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